General Fund
Town property tax, sales tax, grants, fees and other income.
See revenue and funding →What do I pay?
Your home & water use
Example household: $400,000 taxable value and 4,000 gallons a month. Change these to your own figures.
Today’s annual cost
What could I pay in 2039?
Today’s cost is annualized using rates effective July 1, 2026. Includes Town property tax, selected Water & Sewer services and residential stormwater. County taxes and other living costs are excluded.
2039 is an estimate based on the assumptions in Outlook. General Fund pressures affect the Town-tax illustration; utility bills follow separate rate assumptions. The Town’s plan runs through 2029; later years are Town Ledger illustrations. Town budget, pp. 7–8, 71 →
The 2039 comparison is conditional, not an adopted bill. See the outlook, assumptions and household calculation →
Your annual bill, item by item
Today uses adopted rates effective July 1, 2026. FY2027 means the financial year July 1, 2026–June 30, 2027.
| Item | Today | 2039 estimate |
|---|---|---|
| Town property tax | : Share of funding gap: | |
| Selected Water & Sewer services | ||
| Stormwater |
Internal selection
General Fund
Where does the money go?
General Fund · Actual spending for the years shown.
Explore the details
How the two headline comparisons are calculated
Both comparisons use legal-budget service spending after utility reimbursements and before transfers, excluding Restricted Revenues spending. Figures are nominal dollars, not adjusted for inflation. Category changes include staffing, services and prices; they are not a measure of inflation alone. Separate audited reporting-fund comparison →
FY2018–FY2025: $10,176,945 → $14,109,365, an increase of $3,932,420 (38.64%, rounded to 39%). Public Safety added $1,664,839 and Administration added $1,307,521, together 75.6% of the net increase. Within Public Safety, personnel rose $1,118,285 and operating costs rose $1,146,956; lower capital and debt spending offset part of those increases. Administration is shown after utility reimbursements; its comparable FY2018 personnel breakdown is not established.
FY2025–FY2029 projection: $14,109,365 → $20,013,248, an increase of $5,903,883 (41.84%, rounded to 42%). Public Safety adds $2,922,455, Community & Other Spending adds $1,298,849, and Administration adds $1,007,256. Public Safety includes $1,443,659 more personnel spending and $1,157,508 more fire spending, including $670,026 of fire debt payments. These are components of Public Safety, not extra amounts to add again.
Community & Other Spending changes comprise community programs and debt +$908,535, contingency +$450,000, tourism ($59,688), and disaster spending +$2. Debt within this category rises $321,394. Administration remains on the net reimbursement basis; its gross personnel increase is not treated as a net General Fund contribution.
Sources: FY2018 service figures use the 2019 audit, printed pp. 73–76, and 2018 audit, pp. 82–83. FY2025 uses the 2025 audit, pp. 74–78 and 83–86, plus the FY2025 cost-allocation detail. FY2029 uses the FY2027 recommended plan, pp. 249–262, FY2029 projection (saved v5.1 tab 20); it is not an adopted budget. Source records →
How do funding and spending & set-asides compare through 2039? →
Saved analytical edition · Compare with the audited General Fund figures →
How does this connect to Follow the Money? →
Forward spending uses the saved recommended plan, not an adopted-budget update.
What is in each category?
Cost breakdown
Annual schedule and sources
Matched audited revenue, spending and fund-balance comparison →
Utilities
Forward spending uses the saved recommended plan, not an adopted-budget update.
Water & Sewer and Stormwater
Water & sewer rates · 2018–2029
Dollars per 1,000 gallons. A fiscal year begins July 1 of the preceding calendar year. The current FY2027 adopted rates, effective July 1, 2026, are highlighted.
| Fiscal year | Inside town | Outside town | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Sewer | Water | Sewer | |
FY2021–2022 rates have not yet been verified. Historical minimum-use charges also changed; this table compares per-1,000-gallon rates, not whole bills.
FY2028–2029 use the Town plan’s 7.5% annual increase assumption, compounded from current rates and rounded for display. They are projections, subject to each year’s budget approval, not adopted charges.
FY2025 is reconstructed from the published FY2026 rates less the Town’s stated dollar increases, cross-checked against its July 2024 increase notice.
Cost breakdown
Direct costs, plus each utility’s share of Town support, make up reported spending.
Annual schedule and sources
About shared costs and the spending figures
Water, sewer and stormwater spending
Finance, administration and other Town services also support the utilities. Their assigned share is added after direct utility costs. General Fund Administration shows reimbursements in the opposite direction.
Capital here covers purchases recorded in the utility operating funds. Separate project funds and reserve contributions are shown in Capital & projects. Actuals run through 2025; later years use the saved estimate, recommended budget and projections.
The separate Water & Sewer and Stormwater allocations for 2018–19 are not established. The combined allocation is documented. Small differences remain between General Fund credits and utility charges in later source records; a fully reconciled Town-wide total is not asserted.
What are we buying or building?
Projects → annual funding → remaining payments
Use one annual schedule to follow a project or purpose across spending, transfers, reserves and listed loans. Open a row for its components and source limits.
Open the annual schedule Explore the 35 named CIP projects →
Named CIP: FY2027–2033. Later General Fund capital: Town Ledger assumptions through FY2039. Listed debt payments extend as far as FY2048; they are not a complete future capital plan.
Capital & projects
Fiscal-year capital plan · adoption version unconfirmed
When spending is scheduledAll years are planned · select a year
Full FY2027–2033 plan · all funds
About 68% of the $76.55m FY2027–FY2033 plan is proposed borrowing.
$29.6MGeneral Fund projects
$46.2MWater & sewer projects
$0.8MStormwater projects
The plan includes $52.2M of proposed borrowing. Loans spread payments across years; taxes and utility bills help repay them. Fees, grants and other planned funding also contribute.
Three planned General Fund loans · FY2039 illustration
What could these loan payments mean for my home?
Already included in the General Fund outlook. This is a tax equivalent for three loans, not an extra amount to add to your household result.
Use your home value and review the estimate →See the three projects and calculation
| Planned loan | Town payment each year | Payment years | Your FY2039 equivalent |
|---|
Only the fire station and Ridgewalk north/south loans are included. Their combined payment is $2.116M a year during FY2033–2039, when all three overlap. Other projects, cash contributions, operating costs and utility loans are excluded. Financing approval and executed loans have not been verified.
Capital plan: fire pp.8–9 and Ridgewalk project sheets → · Debt payment schedules and assumptions →
Funding sources and what still needs checking
The culvert project names $175,000 of future Stormwater transfers. The Stormwater summary omits them, while the Water & Sewer summary is higher by the same amount. The fund classification remains unresolved.
The received CIP leaves the $350,000 chlorine-conversion funding row unlabelled. The recommended budget identifies development fees for that row; this is a cross-edition explanation, not a verified receipt.
A project-by-project utility bill has not been established. It needs a matched financing and rate plan. The existing utility-price scenario already includes the Town’s near-term capital-related rate increases; adding gross project costs would count costs again.
Received capital plan → · Recommended budget and funding assumptions →
Past project spending, reserves and approval evidence →
What this schedule includes
FY2027–2033 capital plan · received September 18 · adoption version unconfirmed
Scheduled project spending, including listed running costs. These are plans, not actual spending or contracted balances.
Earlier investment: completed work and closed projects
Large investment was already occurring in Cryer’s early years. The reservoir recorded $8.1M of actual expenditure across 2018–2019. The CIP reports its expansion completed in 2019.
Reservoir spending · 2018 actual$2,235,978Reservoir spending · 2019 actual$5,870,741Those two years only$8,106,719
This is part of the project’s history, not its full lifetime cost. Its financial close date is not established here.
The 2019 audit also lists the Waterstone water tank ($1.91M) and effluent aeration ($526K) as closed-out projects. Those amounts are accumulated earlier spending removed from the active schedule—not new spending in 2019.
Selected history, not a complete annual series. Completed construction and financial close are separate milestones. These records do not establish whether the number of concurrent projects has increased. A Town-wide growth comparison needs consistent annual actual expenditure across the same funds and types of investment; the future CIP cannot establish that growth rate.
Sources: 2018 and 2019 audits, Schedule 13, printed p.92 / PDF p.112; CIP p.72 for the reservoir expansion date.
Passenger rail station · full project context
$11.714m in planned capital
The CIP’s $10.439m current project budget plus $1.275m of FY2028 construction. The chart above shows only the dated future schedule, so it does not represent the station’s full cost.
- Current project budget
- $10.439m Timing, spending to date and contracted balance are not established
- Additional FY2028 construction
- $1.275m Included in the FY2027–2033 schedule
- FY2029–2033 running costs
- $175k $35,000 a year for maintenance and utilities; separate from capital
Solar and EV infrastructure are excluded in the source. The CIP explicitly leaves out $600,000 for these optional features. Their approval and funding are not established. The budget message separately describes about $11.9m of base cost and a broader sustainability package of up to $1m; those figures are unreconciled, and that package overlaps the solar/EV scope. Do not add the $600,000 and $1m together.
The complete dated FY2027–2033 schedule is $1.45m: $1.275m construction plus $175,000 running costs. The $10.439m current budget is not assigned to a future chart year, because its remaining timing is unknown. Planned debt payments are financing obligations, not an additional construction cost.
CIP PDF pages 26–27; budget message printed page 7. See the full rail project and schedule → · Read the CIP →
What reaches the annual fund expenses?
Trace FY2018–FY2029 capital cash outlay and debt payments to the fund trends. Known totals and unfinished project attribution are shown separately.
What drives the change?
Biggest items
Explore all projects →How much is committed?
A committed-dollar total is not established by this plan.
Rail has a reported funding agreement. Hydrant work is reported underway. Future phases, borrowing and contracts need their own approval evidence.
What these labels mean
- Contracted: requires an executed contract or purchase order and its remaining obligation. Those amounts are not available here.
- Approved step: a funding agreement or other decision may cover only part of a project. Each project states the scope of the evidence.
- Planned / still open: future budgets, loans, options or estimates. A line in the CIP is not proof that the full project is approved.
- Committed funds: money set aside for a purpose; this does not establish a purchase contract.
Funding, exact amounts and source differences
Borrowing and fund transfers explain how projects would be paid for. They are not additional project costs. Do not add this plan to the General Fund or utility totals.
The Town’s seven-year CIP covers major investments and some running costs. Smaller capital purchases also appear in annual budgets. This view is the complete inventory of the received CIP, not an all-assets register.
“Current Project Budget” is shown separately in each project. It is not a spending-to-date figure or a verified remaining balance, and it is not added to the future schedule.
Source: CIP - FY27.pdf, General Fund pp.4–5; Water & Sewer pp.31–33; Stormwater p.75. Current adoption and contract evidence remain unverified.
Annual capital purchases
Main operating funds only · audited history and recommended plan
Dark bars: audited FY2018–2025 · lighter bars: FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended, FY2028–2029 projection.
Exact source pages
Projects across years
Choose a future project or a historical source fund.
Source pages
What changed between plans?
Dark bars: FY2026 adopted plan · lighter bars: FY2027 recommended / supplied plan. Outyears remain plans.
Project amounts and source pages
Purchases, project schedules and loan payments describe different stages and can overlap. How these views fit together →
Project decisions
What is moving forward—and what is still open?
Proposed borrowing supplies about 68% of the $76.55m capital plan.
| Fund | FY2027–FY2033 spending | Proposed borrowing |
|---|---|---|
| General Fund | $29,552,050 | $23,223,000 |
| Water & Sewer | $46,212,010 | $28,354,086 |
| Stormwater | $786,010 | $605,000 |
| Total | $76,550,070 | $52,182,086 |
$52,182,086 of proposed borrowing ÷ $76,550,070 of scheduled spending = 68.17%. Received plan, including listed running costs; adoption and executed loans are unverified. This full-plan comparison stays fixed when project filters change. Plan funding details and limitations →
Status evidence from the received CIP · not a live construction tracker
Amounts are scheduled spending for the selected period. Open a row for decision evidence, funding and the full schedule.
Approved steps and work already underway do not establish that later phases are contracted. Unknown commitments are not zero.
Follow the Money · FY2025 snapshot
See where the money comes from, where it goes, and how the funds connect.
Revenue sources
Taxes, utility charges, fees, grants and other receipts
Three funds
- General Fund
- Water & Sewer
- Stormwater
Uses
Services, projects and debt payments
Funds → set aside for laterDraw on eligible savings → funds
Savings & reserves
Resources held for future use
Revenue enters the funds, which pay for services and other uses. Transfers and shared-service reimbursements also move money between funds; they are not new Town-wide revenue. Follow the FY2025 amounts below.
All three funds · FY2025 funding, spending and annual result
| Annual flow | General Fund¹ | Water & Sewer | Stormwater |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $17,047,190 | $14,572,774 | $930,756 |
| Utility reimbursements received | $3,014,602 | $0 | $0 |
| Incoming transfers | $1,707,759 | $213,523 | $0 |
| Total funding before any additional balance use | $21,769,551 | $14,786,297 | $930,756 |
| Spending · annual funding basis¹ | $17,123,967 | $11,974,615 | $822,193 |
| Project transfers & reserve set-asides | $1,582,309 | $3,325,127 | $75,000 |
| Total spending & set-asides | $18,706,276 | $15,299,742 | $897,193 |
| Annual surplus / (shortfall)² | $3,063,275 | ($513,445) | $33,563 |
Do not add the three funds’ totals: some money moves between them. The bottom row shows each fund’s annual surplus or shortfall, not its savings balance.
Selected fund · full reconciliation
· See dated reserve balances →
Saving means keeping resources for later. An annual surplus contributes to accumulated fund balance on the same accounting basis; it is not automatically a designated reserve. A gap needs eligible prior savings, more funding, lower costs, or a mix. Future choices have not been decided here.
See the interfund movements
Revenue Stream
General Fund revenue
$17MProperty tax, sales tax, fees, grants, interest and other receipts.
See the revenue breakdown →Utilities
$14.6MWater and sewer charges, development fees, other receipts and interest.
See the revenue breakdown →Stormwater
$0.9MStormwater charges and interest.
See the revenue breakdown →Receiving Funds
General Fund
$21.8M- Revenue
- $17M
- Utility reimbursement
- $3M
- Transfers
- $1.7M
Water & Sewer Fund
$14.8M- Revenue
- $14.6M
- Transfers
- $0.2M
Stormwater Fund
$0.9M- Revenue
- $0.9M
- Transfers
- $0
From project & reserve funds
FY2025 · Return to the General Fund
Water & Sewer + Stormwater → General Fund
Shared-service reimbursement · FY2025 · $3M
Project & reserve funds → General Fund
Money returned · FY2025 · $1.7M
Amounts are rounded; the detail links show exact figures. Reimbursements and transfers move money between funds.
Services
How reserves and debt fit in
Reserves & Debt
Reserves
Save now, use later
Funds set aside money for future work and may receive unused money back. Contributions and returns are separate movements. The $1.7M return shown above is existing Town money moving back to the General Fund in FY2025.
See FY2025 returns and selected reserve balances →Debt
Pay over time
Borrowing helps pay for a project now; principal and interest are paid in later years. In FY2025, NC86 returned $1,200,668 to the General Fund after loan financing. Its project cost and future loan payments remain.
Explore capital, projects and debt →The return details identify FY2025 sources and selected reserve balances. A full reserve and transfer history across all years is still being reconciled.
Services, capital, project records, reserves and debt can describe connected uses of the same dollars. Do not add project budgets or loan balances to annual spending. Debt payments already included in spending are not added again.
Source basis: General Fund—FY2027 recommended plan, FY2025 actual funding column; utilities—FY2025 audit, Schedules 9 and 16. Shared-service charges are included in utility spending; the General Fund reimbursement and spending-allocation bridge remains under review. The map follows the main annual funds, not every separate capital-project fund’s activity.
Water & Sewer revenue
Water & Sewer revenue grew 41.75%, FY2018–FY2025, driven mainly by higher water and sewer charge receipts.
Revenue over time
| Annual charge receipts | FY2018 | FY2025 | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | $4,092,154 | $6,436,944 | $2,344,790 |
| Sewer | $4,428,334 | $6,537,562 | $2,109,228 |
Combined charge receipts rose $4,454,018, more than the $4,292,072 increase in total revenue. Investment earnings rose $615,965, while other receipts, including development fees, fell $777,911. Audited annual receipts; transfers excluded.
Where the revenue comes from
What revenue includes
Rates also rose over this period.
| In-Town rate per 1,000 gallons | FY2018 | FY2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | $8.07 | $11.53 | +42.87% |
| Sewer | $12.13 | $16.22 | +33.72% |
These unit rates are not whole bills: minimum-use allowances also changed. Revenue reflects rates, accounts and water use; their separate contributions to growth have not been established. FY2018 rates, audit Table 12 → · FY2025 adopted rates, pp.38–39 →
Water & Sewer’s FY2025 funding gap was $513,445 after project and reserve contributions.
| FY2025 annual funding basis | Amount |
|---|---|
| Revenue + incoming transfers | $14,572,774 + $213,523 = $14,786,297 |
| Spending + project/reserve contributions | $11,974,615 + $3,325,127 = $15,299,742 |
| Funding less spending & contributions | ($513,445) |
This includes project and reserve contributions, so it is not an operating loss or a measure of cash shortage. Full FY2025 funding reconciliation →
Stormwater revenue
Stormwater revenue grew 45.79%, FY2018–FY2025, driven mainly by higher stormwater charge receipts.
Revenue over time
| Annual receipts | FY2018 | FY2025 | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stormwater charges | $633,191 | $879,385 | $246,194 |
| Total revenue | $638,441 | $930,756 | $292,315 |
Higher stormwater charge receipts account for 84.22% of total revenue growth. Audited revenue excludes transfers; other receipts and investment earnings make up the remainder.
Where the revenue comes from
What revenue includes
The residential annual fee rose from $75 to $90.
| Residential annual fee | FY2018 | FY2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| One residential property | $75 | $90 | +20.00% |
The fee rose 20%, while total revenue rose 45.79%; fee changes alone do not explain the full increase. The separate contributions of rates, billed properties and other receipts have not been quantified. Earlier $75 fee schedule → · Town confirmation: unchanged since FY2017 → · FY2025 adopted $90 fee →
General Fund · Following the Money Map
General Fund funding
How much money does the General Fund need this year, and where will it come from?
The year carries with you into each topic.
What supports the annual funding result?
“Funding before additional General Fund savings” includes revenue, utility reimbursements and incoming transfers. “Spending & set-asides” includes this year’s uses and money committed for later work.
Follow the money in three questions
1 · This year’s commitments
What must we fund?
Services, capital purchases, debt payments and money set aside.
Explore this question 2 · This year’s fundingWhat pays for it?
Revenue, utility reimbursements, transfers and any additional savings.
Explore this question 3 · The years aheadWhat does that leave for the future?
Remaining savings, future debt payments and funding that may not repeat.
Explore this questionGeneral Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
General Fund · Follow the Money
What pays for it?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
Revenue first, then other funding
Revenue by source
Solid points: actual. Lighter dashed lines: estimate and plan. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not reconciled in this view; missing points are not zero.
Trace incoming transfers and reserve returns →Understand the additional savings draw →Who pays—and what does this mean for me? →
Tax receipts versus your bill. The Town can collect more property tax at the same tax rate if its taxable property base grows—for example, when new buildings are added. Your own bill depends on your property’s taxable value and the tax rate.
What makes up Other revenue?
These five categories add to the gold trend line; they are not additional revenue. The Town budget’s own “Other” line is just one part of this group. Budget, printed page 20 / PDF page 21 →
Why are 2018–2024 blank? We already hold the annual audits. Town Ledger has not yet assembled and reconciled their General Fund revenue, shared-service reimbursements, transfers and balance movements into this view. The blank years do not mean the Town has no records.
What work is needed to complete the earlier years?
- Extract each year’s actual General Fund revenue and map it to consistent source categories. Keep actual results separate from budgets.
- Match shared-service reimbursements to the gross spending comparison. The combined General Fund credits for 2018 and 2019 are already known; splitting them between the two utilities is a separate check.
- Match transfers in and out to the source and receiving funds, avoiding a second count of reserve money. The 2018–2025 aggregate return amounts are already traced; some purchase/purpose links remain open.
- Tie annual revenue and spending to the reported surplus or deficit, then reconcile beginning balance, changes and ending balance. Identify restrictions and commitments before calling a balance available to spend.
Use records already held first and add supported revenue components as they are checked. Specific account mappings remain unresolved.
Tables, calculations & sources
Start with the annual table, then follow the calculation or original record when you want to check a figure.
Annual revenue, funding and savings · FY2018–FY2029
Whole dollars. Scroll across for all years; the selected year is highlighted. A dash means the matched figure is unavailable, not zero. Revenue is subtotalled first. Add reimbursements and incoming transfers to reach funding before savings, then any additional General Fund savings needed for the annual gap to reach total funding.
What changed? · standard comparison periods
The 2025–2029 comparison runs from an actual result to a Town projection. Earlier comparisons await matched funding history. These are total receipt changes, not tax-rate changes.
Funding & fund balance →Original calculation, transfers and outstanding matches.Spending comparison →Source amounts, adjustments and set-asides.Town budget & financial plan →Funding source: printed page 20 / PDF page 21.Sources & workpapers →Audits, records, calculations and open information requests.
Still open: FY2018–FY2024 matched revenue history; the adopted/amended budget comparison; transfer classifications; available versus restricted balances; and purchase/funding matches. Current records review →
General Fund · Follow the Money
What must we fund?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
Services, purchases, debt payments and set-asides
The annual funding requirement includes running services, buying capital items, making debt payments and moving money into project or reserve funds for later use. Those set-asides are separate from spending shown on the General Fund service screen.
Why is this different from the General Fund spending screen?
The General Fund screen shows spending after shared-service allocations. The funding view includes the costs shared with utilities and contributions to project or reserve funds. The table connects the two, with any source difference shown explicitly.
FY2025 has a source/treatment difference of about $124,425, mainly reciprocal utility allocation treatment. The older cash-outlook workpaper also excludes a $420,000 previously funded truck in FY2027. The main spending screen and this Town funding comparison both include that purchase; it is not added a second time here. Purchase-to-funding matching remains open.
Money returned is a funding source, not a second spending reduction
A reserve or project return helps fund the year. It is already counted in Incoming transfers; subtracting it again from spending would count the benefit twice. A return made possible by borrowing also leaves future principal and interest to pay.
Follow the transfers and financing →General Fund · Follow the Money
Is this new money—or money moved?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
What is available? Detailed General Fund returns are available for FY2025. FY2026–2029 have Town plan totals, with source details still being matched. FY2018–2024 are not yet reconciled into this view.
Transfer totals & coverage · 2018–2029
Trace the money back to its source
Money moved into the General Fund from other Town funds. It is available to the receiving fund, but is not new revenue for the Town as a whole.
Three separate questions
Where did the transfer come from? What did it fund? Did new borrowing make the return possible? A transfer total alone cannot answer all three.
Reserve balances are distinct from the General Fund’s remaining balance. Full beginning-to-ending histories back to 2018 still need reconciliation.
Original set-asides and returns schedule →General Fund · Follow the Money
Are we using savings to cover spending?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
How much savings is used—and how much remains?
The Town’s plan uses $4.64 million of accumulated General Fund balance across FY2026–FY2029, including $2.53 million in FY2029. Its projected FY2029 year-end balance is $11.85 million; the portion available for new spending is still being checked.
FY2026’s opening balance remains under review. The FY2026 closing balance already follows that year’s draw; its decline through FY2029 reflects the final three years. These figures do not yet establish a reconciled roll-forward from the FY2025 audit.
Is using savings a problem?
Savings can reasonably pay for a one-time purchase, project or unexpected repair. Repeatedly using savings for expenses that continue reduces the cushion while the bills remain.
The next question is what each draw supports. Purchases, reserve movements and continuing expenses still need matching before the full gap can be called a recurring operating shortfall.
What if the Town did not use savings?
This is a conditional property-tax equivalent, not a forecast or recommendation. Additional non-property-tax revenue or spending reductions are alternatives. A percentage increase in total tax receipts does not imply the same change in the tax rate or a household’s bill.
New: conditional outlook through FY2039 → This saved view below retains its original FY2029 horizon.
← General Fund funding overviewGeneral Fund · Follow the Money
What does that leave for the future?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
The Town’s plan uses savings in every year from 2026 to 2029
Across those four years, the plan draws $4.64 million from accumulated General Fund balance. By FY2029, the annual draw reaches $2.53 million. The projected year-end balance is $11.85 million; that is not yet a verified amount available for new spending.
Through 2029 · Town plan
The annual gaps remain after revenue, utility reimbursements and incoming transfers. The plan uses General Fund balance to close them.
See annual draws and remaining balances →2030–2039 · Town Ledger illustration
The current illustration extends the Town plan using stated growth, capital and funding assumptions. It shows the gap before additional savings, not when savings would run out.
Open the 2039 outlook →What needs watching?
- Continuing costs
- Match each savings draw to continuing services and one-time purchases before calling the whole gap an operating shortfall.
- One-time funding
- Identify which receipts and transfers can reasonably recur. A balanced annual plan does not settle that question.
- Future debt payments
- A loan-financed return frees cash now but leaves principal and interest in later years. Follow the project and debt schedules.
- Available savings
- Reconcile opening balances and identify restrictions and commitments before treating the total balance as spendable.
General Fund · Follow the Money
Who pays—and what does this mean for me?
General Fund · FY2025 actual, FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended budget, FY2028–FY2029 Town projections. The combined funding comparison for FY2018–FY2024 is not yet reconciled here; audited revenue history is available in the revenue section. Figures retain the FY2027 recommended funding-plan edition.
Fund totals and household costs answer different questions
Property tax is one source of General Fund funding. Sales taxes, fees, other receipts and utility contributions also support it. The revenue and funding amounts describe the fund; they do not allocate its costs to an individual household.
Who pays Hillsborough property taxes?
The property-tax analysis will examine the billed tax base and exemptions/exclusions, including comparisons between older and newer residential properties. Those findings are still being checked and are not included here.
Taxes billed and taxes collected answer different questions. A parcel count is not a household count, and the owner receiving a bill is not a complete measure of who ultimately bears the cost.
Town property-tax rates · supporting detail · 2018–2029
A property tax bill depends on both the rate and the property’s taxable assessed value. A lower rate after revaluation can still produce a higher bill. Rate history alone does not measure household cost.
Town property tax = taxable assessed value ÷ 100 × the rate in dollars per $100. For example, 51.3¢ means $0.513 for each $100 of taxable value. County taxes and other tax districts are separate.
What does revenue neutral mean? In a revaluation year, this is the Town’s published reference rate for revenue without the revaluation effect, allowing for normal tax-base growth. It does not keep every homeowner’s bill unchanged. Individual properties can change in value by different amounts.
* New valuations apply in FY2018, FY2022 and FY2026, following the 2017, 2021 and 2025 revaluations. Fiscal years are named for their ending year: FY2026 is July 2025–June 2026. The FY2018 revenue-neutral benchmark has not been verified in this review.
FY2028–FY2029: not yet set. The Town’s FY2027 recommended plan says it has not set recommended tax-rate increases for those years. Its funding-gap illustrations are not adopted rates or a rate forecast.
Sources and rate-history notes
FY2018 uses the contemporaneous financial report’s 62.0¢ rate. The later FY2026 budget chart labels that year 62.16¢; the difference is retained here.
Historical rates: FY2018 financial report, printed p.120 / PDF p.140 → · FY2026 adopted budget history and revenue-neutral rate, printed p.11 / PDF p.12 →. FY2022 revenue-neutral benchmark: FY2022 financial report, printed p.7 / PDF p.28 →. That report notes final valuations subsequently increased receipts; the table retains the published rate-setting benchmark.
FY2027 adoption: Town’s July 1, 2026 announcement →. Future-rate status: FY2027 recommended budget, printed p.6 / PDF p.7 →. Revenue-neutral definition: N.C. G.S.159-11(e) →.
Rate status and spending status are separate. Adopting the FY2027 tax rate does not convert the preserved recommended spending series into adopted spending.
Where does funding come from?
The Big Picture’s $18.8M is FY2025 General Fund funding: $17,047,190 in revenue + $1,707,759 transferred in = $18,754,949, rounded to $18.8M.
These are the saved plan’s FY2025 actual figures. Utility reimbursements are already excluded. Transfers move money between Town funds; they are not new Town-wide revenue.
The audited histories below exclude transfers; the General Fund history also includes the Restricted Revenues Fund. Compare the sources →
General Fund
Property tax, sales tax, grants, fees and other receipts. Includes the Restricted Revenues Fund.
Audited annual revenue · FY2018–FY2025
See revenue history →Water & Sewer
Water and sewer charges, development fees, other receipts and interest.
Audited annual revenue · FY2018–FY2025
See revenue history →Stormwater
Stormwater charges and other fund receipts.
Audited annual revenue · FY2018–FY2025
See revenue history →Transfers, borrowing and shared-cost reimbursements are separate from revenue. These fund totals should not be added into a Town-wide total.
General Fund revenue
General Fund revenue grew 69.9%, FY2018–FY2025, led by property and sales taxes.
Revenue over time
Town reports identify revaluation, tax-rate decisions and stronger post-pandemic sales-tax receipts as contributing factors. FY2022 report · management discussion, p. 7 → · FY2025 audit →
Property and sales taxes supplied about 80% of revenue growth, FY2018–FY2025.
| Revenue source | FY2018 | FY2025 | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Property + sales taxes | $8,188,665 | $13,894,161 | $5,705,496 |
| All General Fund revenue | $10,255,489 | $17,423,991 | $7,168,502 |
$5,705,496 ÷ $7,168,502 = 79.59% of the increase, not 80% of annual revenue. Audited reporting General Fund, including Restricted Revenues; transfers, borrowing and reimbursements excluded. The legal-budget view covers a different fund scope.
Where the revenue comes from
What revenue includes
General Fund revenue
Legal-budget General Fund revenue rose 66.2%, FY2018–FY2025.
The legal fund scope changed in FY2021; these endpoints are not directly comparable.
Revenue over time
Where the revenue comes from
What revenue includes
This history covers the legally budgeted General Fund. The FY2025 audit reports $17,047,188; the Follow the Money map retains $17,047,190 from the Town’s saved funding plan, a $2 difference. Transfers and utility reimbursements are separate from revenue. Compare the source figures →
How do the revenue figures compare?
All three revenue histories cover FY2018–FY2025. Each point is one fiscal year ending June 30, using audited actual figures.
One basis at a time
General Fund history includes the Restricted Revenues Fund. This reporting view provides a consistent scope across the eight years. The legally budgeted General Fund is also available, with its FY2021 scope change marked. Sales tax is shown separately in every year without changing the audited totals.
Water & Sewer and Stormwater use operating-fund budgetary schedules. They do not substitute enterprise-wide accrual revenue, capital contributions or cash-flow measures. Water & Sewer’s combined other operating receipts include development fees; a separate fee amount is unverified in FY2018–FY2019.
Transfers, borrowing and shared-cost reimbursements are separate from these revenue totals. Do not add fund totals into a Town-wide figure without removing interfund amounts. Unverified category detail remains unavailable even when the known categories reconcile to the total.
Why does the saved plan differ?
The saved FY2025–FY2029 General Fund funding view retains the Town recommended-plan edition used by the earlier analysis. Its FY2025 column is actual, not projected. The Big Picture includes incoming transfers; the audited revenue histories exclude them.
| Step | Amount |
|---|---|
| Audited reporting General Fund revenue | $17,423,991 |
| Remove Restricted Revenues Fund revenue | −$376,803 |
| Audited legally budgeted General Fund revenue | $17,047,188 |
| Retained plan-versus-audit display difference | +$2 |
| Saved-plan General Fund revenue | $17,047,190 |
| Add incoming interfund transfers | +$1,707,759 |
| The Big Picture’s funding, reimbursements excluded | $18,754,949 |
Rounding. $18,754,949 is shown as $18.8M. The recommended budget’s top summary prints $18,754,948.66; its whole-dollar table prints $18,754,949. The $2 row compares displayed revenue amounts and does not establish an account-level adjustment.
Utility reimbursements are excluded once. The retained gross funding total of $21,769,551 includes $3,014,602 of reimbursements; removing them gives $18,754,949. Do not subtract them again from revenue. They are removed from spending on the same basis.
Different years, different evidence. The $18.8M is FY2025 actual funding from the saved plan. The Big Picture’s $22.2M is a conditional FY2039 scenario, not an audited result. Transfers move existing money between funds; adding them again to a Town-wide revenue total would double-count that money.
Sources: Recommended budget · printed p.20 / PDF p.21 → · FY2025 audit · Exhibit 5, printed p.22 / PDF p.42 →
The $74,019 intergovernmental category difference is offset in aggregate by $31,504 and $42,517 in fee/other comparison groups, leaving $2 across those totals. The exact account assignments remain unresolved. It is not evidence of missing cash.
FY2025 audit shared-cost reimbursements are $3,139,025; the saved plan uses $3,014,602. Their $124,423 difference also changes gross spending. A gross comparison must add the same reimbursement amount to both funding and costs. The preserved Follow the Money view keeps its earlier source edition. Combined historical General Fund reimbursements are now verified below; early recipient allocation splits remain unverified.
Annual figures and sources
Download the revenue data and source checks →
General Fund revenue · annual totals and source checks
| Year | Revenue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | $10,255,489 | FY2018 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 24 / PDF 44 |
| FY2019 | $10,079,224 | FY2019 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 24 / PDF 44 |
| FY2020 | $11,162,292 | FY2020 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 24 / PDF 41 |
| FY2021 | $11,684,899 | FY2021 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 17 / PDF 43 |
| FY2022 | $13,812,474 | FY2022 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 19 / PDF 42 |
| FY2023 | $15,384,818 | FY2023 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 20 / PDF 47 |
| FY2024 | $16,317,812 | FY2024 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 20 / PDF 40 |
| FY2025 | $17,423,991 | FY2025 audit · Exhibit 4, General Fund reporting column · printed 20 / PDF 40 |
FY2018 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2018.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $6,701,848
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,502,359
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,080,184
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $215,624
- Use and rental fees
- $583,186
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $118,484
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $53,804
FY2019 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $6,491,857
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,728,857
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,135,259
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $224,840
- Use and rental fees
- $199,411
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $248,824
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $50,176
FY2020 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $7,422,863
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,738,597
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,081,038
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $317,212
- Use and rental fees
- $344,892
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $170,325
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $87,365
FY2021 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2021.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $7,957,352
- Other taxes and licenses
- $16,410
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $3,147,950
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $322,756
- Use and rental fees
- $142,740
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $8,722
- Investment earnings
- $3,295
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $85,674
FY2022 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2022.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,099,860
- Other taxes and licenses
- $13,171
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,102,038
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $397,751
- Use and rental fees
- $126,002
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $650
- Investment earnings
- $33,284
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $39,718
FY2023 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2023.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,656,519
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,513
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,601,327
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $272,400
- Use and rental fees
- $93,283
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $23,287
- Investment earnings
- $418,762
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $308,727
FY2024 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2024.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,931,303
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,572
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,877,478
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $353,253
- Use and rental fees
- $124,940
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $778,203
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $242,063
FY2025 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2025.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $10,474,657
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,763
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,981,797
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $774,884
- Use and rental fees
- $105,306
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $520
- Investment earnings
- $829,076
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $246,988
Legally budgeted General Fund revenue · annual totals and source checks
| Year | Revenue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | $10,255,489 | FY2018 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 26 / PDF 46 |
| FY2019 | $10,079,224 | FY2019 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 26 / PDF 46 |
| FY2020 | $11,162,292 | FY2020 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 26 / PDF 43 |
| FY2021 | $11,645,302 | FY2021 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 19 / PDF 45 |
| FY2022 | $13,700,724 | FY2022 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 21 / PDF 44 |
| FY2023 | $15,361,655 | FY2023 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 22 / PDF 49 |
| FY2024 | $16,317,812 | FY2024 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 22 / PDF 42 |
| FY2025 | $17,047,188 | FY2025 audit · Exhibit 5, Actual column · printed 22 / PDF 42 |
FY2018 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2018.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $6,701,848
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,502,359
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,080,184
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $215,624
- Use and rental fees
- $583,186
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $118,484
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $53,804
FY2019 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $6,491,857
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,728,857
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,135,259
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $224,840
- Use and rental fees
- $199,411
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $248,824
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $50,176
FY2020 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $7,422,863
- Other taxes and licenses
- $1,738,597
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $1,081,038
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $317,212
- Use and rental fees
- $344,892
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $170,325
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $87,365
FY2021 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2021.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $7,957,352
- Other taxes and licenses
- $16,410
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $3,147,950
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $291,881
- Use and rental fees
- $142,740
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $3,295
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $85,674
FY2022 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2022.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,099,860
- Other taxes and licenses
- $13,171
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,102,038
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $286,651
- Use and rental fees
- $126,002
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $33,284
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $39,718
FY2023 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2023.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,656,519
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,513
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,601,327
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $272,524
- Use and rental fees
- $93,283
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $418,762
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $308,727
FY2024 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2024.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $9,931,303
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,572
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,877,478
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $353,253
- Use and rental fees
- $124,940
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $778,203
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $242,063
FY2025 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2025.pdf
- Ad valorem taxes
- $10,474,657
- Other taxes and licenses
- $10,763
- Unrestricted intergovernmental
- $4,981,797
- Restricted intergovernmental
- $398,601
- Use and rental fees
- $105,306
- Contributions donations or property owners
- $0
- Investment earnings
- $829,076
- Miscellaneous or other general
- $246,988
Water & Sewer revenue · annual totals and source checks
| Year | Revenue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | $10,280,702 | FY2018 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 88, 90 / PDF 108, 110 |
| FY2019 | $11,920,076 | FY2019 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 88, 90 / PDF 108, 110 |
| FY2020 | $10,757,638 | FY2020 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 86, 88 / PDF 103, 105 |
| FY2021 | $10,831,186 | FY2021 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 80, 81, 82 / PDF 109, 110, 111 |
| FY2022 | $11,047,046 | FY2022 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 82, 83, 84 / PDF 111, 112, 113 |
| FY2023 | $11,877,414 | FY2023 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 82, 83 / PDF 114, 115 |
| FY2024 | $14,219,994 | FY2024 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 87, 88 / PDF 110, 111 |
| FY2025 | $14,572,774 | FY2025 audit · Schedule 9, Actual column · printed 87, 88, 89 / PDF 110, 111, 112 |
FY2018 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2018.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $4,092,154
- Sewerrevenue
- $4,428,334
- Developmentfees
- Not separately verified
- Otherrevenue
- $1,744,469
- Investmentrevenue
- $15,745
FY2019 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $4,610,474
- Sewerrevenue
- $4,773,747
- Developmentfees
- Not separately verified
- Otherrevenue
- $2,506,530
- Investmentrevenue
- $29,325
FY2020 · original categories
Hillsborough-2020-Audit.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $4,980,554
- Sewerrevenue
- $4,974,432
- Developmentfees
- $456,628
- Otherrevenue
- $310,880
- Investmentrevenue
- $35,144
FY2021 · original categories
Audit 2021.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $4,942,081
- Sewerrevenue
- $4,901,924
- Developmentfees
- $590,332
- Otherrevenue
- $396,474
- Investmentrevenue
- $375
FY2022 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2022.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $5,247,699
- Sewerrevenue
- $5,297,371
- Developmentfees
- $263,891
- Otherrevenue
- $236,744
- Investmentrevenue
- $1,341
FY2023 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2023.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $5,481,086
- Sewerrevenue
- $5,439,458
- Developmentfees
- $179,377
- Otherrevenue
- $390,138
- Investmentrevenue
- $387,355
FY2024 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2024.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $5,797,278
- Sewerrevenue
- $5,785,707
- Developmentfees
- $1,444,422
- Otherrevenue
- $555,146
- Investmentrevenue
- $637,441
FY2025 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2025.pdf
- Waterrevenue
- $6,436,944
- Sewerrevenue
- $6,537,562
- Developmentfees
- $111,584
- Otherrevenue
- $854,974
- Investmentrevenue
- $631,710
Stormwater revenue · annual totals and source checks
| Year | Revenue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | $638,441 | FY2018 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 94 / PDF 114 |
| FY2019 | $659,071 | FY2019 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 94 / PDF 114 |
| FY2020 | $670,877 | FY2020 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 95 / PDF 112 |
| FY2021 | $702,526 | FY2021 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 89 / PDF 118 |
| FY2022 | $720,094 | FY2022 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 92 / PDF 121 |
| FY2023 | $758,074 | FY2023 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 92 / PDF 124 |
| FY2024 | $804,722 | FY2024 audit · Operating fund budgetary schedule, Actual column · printed 97 / PDF 120 |
| FY2025 | $930,756 | FY2025 audit · Schedule 16, Actual column · printed 96 / PDF 119 |
FY2018 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2018.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $633,191
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $5,250
- Investmentrevenue
- Not separately verified
FY2019 · original categories
Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $650,296
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $8,775
- Investmentrevenue
- Not separately verified
FY2020 · original categories
Hillsborough-2020-Audit.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $666,355
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $4,522
- Investmentrevenue
- Not separately verified
FY2021 · original categories
Audit 2021.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $702,276
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $250
- Investmentrevenue
- Not separately verified
FY2022 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2022.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $718,994
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $1,100
- Investmentrevenue
- $0
FY2023 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2023.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $729,455
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- $0
- Investmentrevenue
- $28,619
FY2024 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2024.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $756,872
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- Not separately verified
- Investmentrevenue
- $47,850
FY2025 · original categories
Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2025.pdf
- Stormwatercharges
- $879,385
- Otheroperatingrevenue
- Not separately verified
- Investmentrevenue
- $51,371
Preserved FY2025 utility detail
These source explanations retain the earlier operating-fund breakdown and transfer notes. They are not additional revenue.
Water & Sewer · where the FY2025 revenue comes from
| Water charges | $6,436,944 |
|---|---|
| Sewer charges | $6,537,562 |
| System development fees | $111,584 |
| Other receipts | $854,974 |
| Investment earnings | $631,710 |
| Total revenue · matches map | $14,572,774 |
Schedule 9, printed pp.87–89 / PDF pp.110–112. The $213,523 transfer in is separate from revenue. Transfers out total $3,325,127: $636,231 to Utilities Capital Improvements, $1,315,149 to Water System Development Reserve and $1,373,747 to Sewer System Development Reserve.
Open the FY2025 audit →Stormwater · where the FY2025 revenue comes from
| Stormwater charges | $879,385 |
|---|---|
| Investment earnings | $51,371 |
| Total revenue · matches map | $930,756 |
Schedule 16, printed p.96 / PDF p.119. The $75,000 transfer to Stormwater Capital Improvements is a separate use. Revenue less spending and that transfer leaves a $33,563 budgetary surplus.
Open the FY2025 audit →Open the retained utility audit source-page compilation → · Sources & Workpapers →
Where does the money come from?
Each fund has its own main revenue sources.
Water & Sewer
Customer charges and other utility revenue.
Explore Water & Sewer spending →Stormwater
Stormwater fees and other fund revenue.
Explore Stormwater spending →Grants and restricted receipts follow their designated fund or project. Full utility revenue schedules are still being prepared.
What does it pay for?
Services today.
Property taxes help fund police, fire protection, streets, public spaces and other Town services. Utility charges support water, sewer and stormwater services.
EMPOWER · early budget input
What would you like the Town to do?
Connect your priorities to what you learned about services, projects and funding. What tradeoff would you accept, and why?
How the Town develops its budget and where public input fits →
Try the controls and write a proposal locally. This page does not save or transmit your entries. Submission is disabled; nothing entered here becomes a public comment.
How comments would be reviewed
Comments would be reviewed before publication to remove spam, personal attacks and private information. Disagreement with the Town, Town Ledger or another commenter would remain welcome. Moderation should preserve the substance of differing views.
Public comments reflect people who choose to participate. They would not be described as a representative poll of the Town.
EMPOWER · participant views
A clear summary for the early budget conversation
Town Ledger would bring together participating readers’ priorities, reasons and tradeoffs, including disagreement.
No participant summary yet
Public commenting is not live in this review file. No comments have been collected through it and no summary has been sent to the Town.
- Group comments by service, project or funding question.
- Describe what participants want to protect, change or reconsider, and why.
- Keep differing views and important tradeoffs visible.
- Review the summary before any Town submission.
What the summary should and should not claim
Identify the participation period and the number of published comments only when verified. Distinguish comments from unique participants, and describe limits. Do not turn voluntary participation into a claim about what the whole Town wants.
Any eventual Town submission needs a recorded date and an accessible copy. A prepared summary alone does not mean it has been sent, received or acted upon.
Back to budget priorities → · How changes would be tracked →
IMPACT · evidence over time
What changed?
Track the request, the Town’s decision and what actually happens as separate steps.
No verified change record posted yet
This preview makes no claim that reader comments have changed a Town decision or produced an outcome.
What participants asked for
A dated, reviewed summary of requests and differing views, with a record of any Town submission.
Status: no submission recorded here.
What the Town decided
The official decision, date and source, including whether it addresses the request.
Status: no linked decision recorded here.
What actually happened
Documented spending, implementation or service results, compared with what was promised.
Status: no observed outcome recorded here.
How to assess impact fairly
A decision that follows a request does not by itself prove the request caused it. Cite official records and other evidence, retain unresolved questions, and distinguish announced plans from completed work.
One schedule · different kinds of money
Capital, transfers, reserves & debt
Follow each fund from Spending and Set-asides to project funding and year-end reserves. Select a row for annual detail.
Follow the fire-station money
One General Fund project shows how Spending, Set-asides and project details connect.
Set-asides
$300,000 in FY2027$300,000 in FY2028
General Fund contributions move money into the fire-station project fund.
Project details
$10.0M project estimateThe construction plan uses General Fund contributions and $8.35M of planned borrowing. The full project cost is not added again to the General Fund’s annual total.
Spending
$670,026 a yearLoan payments cover principal and interest over 20 years, FY2029–FY2048.
The project estimate also includes $1.05M of General Fund funding in the current project budget, with no payment year supplied. Station operating costs are also Spending and appear in service budgets.
See the fire station’s funding, payment schedule and sources →
Capital purchases and debt payments are part of Spending. Contributions and transfers are Set-asides. Project funding and year-end balances explain these amounts; they are not extra costs.
Reading notes and source coverage
No grand total: a transfer can fund a purchase, and a loan can pay for construction before it is repaid. Adding those together would count the same money more than once. Year-end balances show how much remained at the end of the year, not how much was spent during the year.
Source coverage includes 35 named CIP projects and 26 listed loans.
- Amounts are US dollars, not adjusted for inflation. A dash means this schedule does not establish the amount. A numeric zero is an explicit source zero. In thousands view, nonzero amounts under $50 display “<0.1”; hover or focus the amount for exact dollars.
- Audited history runs through FY2025. FY2026 is a Town estimate, FY2027 a recommended budget, and FY2028–29 Town projections. The received named-project CIP runs FY2027–33; adoption and financing execution are not established.
- Shaded later years contain existing loan schedules and clearly labelled Town Ledger assumptions. No new project names or Water & Sewer / Stormwater capital forecasts are invented after the source coverage ends.
- Reserve balances after FY2025 are not established. Committed-fund purpose balances are available for FY2025 only. A contribution does not by itself establish a spendable year-end reserve.
- The workbook provides combined principal-and-interest payments. Annual principal and interest splits stay as gaps. Last listed payments are GF FY2048, Water & Sewer FY2046, Stormwater FY2035; these are coverage endpoints, not complete lifecycle costs.
- Purpose groups and fund control rows may overlap. A summary row displays the identified measure, never a sum of its component rows. Open the group for source edition, fiscal-year basis and limitations.
Sources remain in their original editions. FY2020, FY2022 and FY2025 General Fund capital classifications differ across the audit and plan records; the original-year capital series is retained. The FY2025 item list includes the Powell Bill classification reconciliation; this does not add to overall spending. Full reserve availability, complete lifecycle costs, and a reconciled town-wide cash-capital total are not established.
Capital includes buildings, vehicles, equipment and infrastructure. These views explain purchases, named work and financing.
Projects
Named work, its purpose, status, cost and funding. Some projects also include service initiatives.
Open project cards →Vehicles
Selected purchases and documented purchasing choices; vehicle coverage remains incomplete.
Open vehicle spending →General Fund spending
See the annual spending view and its supporting schedules.
Open spending and outlook →Debt
Explore the available loan schedules and funding commitments.
Open debt →This is an index to existing detail. The complete Town-wide capital inventory and purchase-to-funding matches remain unfinished; these views can describe the same dollars and should not be added together.
Follow the Money · detail
Transfers & reserve balances
Money moved this year and money held at year-end answer different questions.
Transfers move money between Town funds. They affect each fund’s funding, but are not new revenue or spending for the Town as a whole. Annual set-asides and dated balances must not be added together.
Annual movements
Follow named funds, transfers in and out, additions and withdrawals in the shared annual schedule. Missing funding matches are shown as gaps.
Open annual transfer rows →Dated balances
Selected audited reserve and project schedules. These are schedule balances, not a complete measure of available Town cash.
Open year-end balance rows →FY2025 example: General Capital Reserve
$734,588 opening + $67,352 contributions − $229,822 returned = $572,118 closing. The schedule shows $0 expenditure. Its $162,470 decrease is a balance movement, not external spending.
The $229,822 returned is the same receipt shown in General Fund funding. It is not an additional source of money.
Audited rollforwards and source checks →General Fund treatment and preserved workpapers
Annual General Fund transfer explanation →
The earlier workpaper reports FY2025 service spending of $17,248,392; the current Money Map reports $17,123,967. The $124,425 source/treatment difference remains in the reconciliation. These are not interchangeable totals.
For FY2027, the earlier Cryer $22,950,379 treatment excludes a $420,000 garbage purchase funded from prior savings. The Town funding comparison restores it to $23,370,379.
Earlier Cryer reporting basis: set-asides and returns →
Earlier Cryer reporting illustration → uses a different shared-service presentation; it is not the current numerical Money Map.
Start with the household question.
Then follow the money.
Start with the household question, follow the funds and services, then explore the commitments and evidence. Choose a section below or follow the Previous / Next controls.
01 · THE PERSONAL START
Opening / What do I pay?
The restored Riverwalk illustration introduces a citizen’s journey, followed by the household calculator.
Open the welcome →02 · THE MONEY MAP
How the Town’s money fits together
Follow the main revenue sources into the three funds, then see how services, capital, projects, reserves and debt relate.
Money map03 · GENERAL FUND
From the whole to its parts
See the fund, choose a service, then explore spending and the years ahead.
04 · UTILITIES
Water, sewer and Stormwater
Separate service screens carry their own costs, comparisons and explanations of shared expenses.
05 · COMMITMENTS
Projects, vehicles and debt
Explore what the Town plans to build or replace and the funding commitments involved. Town-wide capital and debt coverage remains incomplete.
06 · BRING IT TOGETHER
What does it add up to?
The combined-spending draft retains pending totals until fund movements, purchases and financing are reconciled.
Open spending together →REFERENCE · AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT
Follow the evidence
Notes explain the reporting basis. Schedules and original workpapers let readers inspect the supporting detail.
The household calculator and welcome are ready for review. Some financial reconciliations remain unfinished. Details are in Open review items.
Hillsborough, North Carolina
An ordinary citizen’s journey to understand a tax bill.
INFORM
EMPOWER
IMPACT
Existing content · incomplete Town-wide coverage
From construction to the last listed payment
Open loans in the annual schedule
Audited position · June 30, 2025
$27.01m in debt carrying amounts
Governmental activities: $5,331,529. Business-type activities: $21,674,544. Total $27,006,073 includes $639,331 of bond premium and $177,664 of lease liability. Principal excluding those two items is $26,189,078. This excludes future unissued borrowing, unpaid project commitments, pensions, OPEB and compensated absences.
The annual schedule connects named projects, capital spending and listed loan payments across General Fund, Water & Sewer and Stormwater. Complete lifecycle costs and all project-to-funding matches remain unestablished.
Listed loans · all three funds
The supporting loan schedule includes issued loans, projected borrowing and their payment schedule. The fund selector covers General Fund, Water & Sewer and Stormwater.
Open the loan schedule →Projects
The received CIP contains 35 named projects covering FY2027–2033.
Open project cards →Vehicles
Purchase amounts and documented purchasing choices are available. Earlier records and funding matches remain incomplete.
Open vehicle spending →Source debt workbook
The supplied Town workbook remains available in its original form. Its projected obligations retain their source status.
View the debt workbook →Connecting these screens does not add their figures together. A vehicle or project already included in a fund schedule must be matched to its funding before it can contribute to a combined total.
Capital & debt by year
Connect annual fund expenses to the supporting detail
FY2018–FY2029 · Capital cash outlay and debt payments are separate expense categories. This schedule is distinct from the forward capital-project plan.
| Project, loan or reporting group | Annual amount | Evidence status |
|---|
Complete annual table · FY2018–FY2029
Scroll across for all twelve years. The selected year is highlighted. — means not attributed or unavailable in that row; it is not zero. $0 is a source-reported zero. Pending rows retain known expenses while detailed matching continues.
Source basis and remaining checks
Unresolved amounts are not relabelled All Other. A matching arithmetic total does not establish complete project attribution. The separate Police reconciliation does not change these source values.
Water & Sewer source review
See project/account references, proposed matches and the unresolved pump-budget question.
Annual capital and debt tablesSource record
General Fund · FY2026–FY2039
Outlook: 2026–2039
How funding, spending and commitments could change, and what that could mean for your household.
How does the funding picture change?
Then · 2018–2025 actual
Revenue grew 69.9%; net spending grew 40.3%, FY2018–FY2025.
| Annual amount | FY2018 | FY2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $10,255,489 | $17,423,991 | +69.9% |
| Net spending | $10,176,945 | $14,280,977 | +40.3% |
Change in annual amounts, not seven-year totals. Before transfers and financing; not a savings balance. Audited reporting General Fund, including Restricted Revenues. Net spending is after utility reimbursements.
PROJECTED 2026–2039
Revenue grows 10%; net spending grows 102%, FY2026–FY2039.
| Annual amount | FY2026 estimate | FY2039 illustration | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $19,603,483 | $21,571,827 | +10.0% |
| Net spending | $19,375,392 | $39,221,185 | +102.4% |
Change in annual amounts over 13 years, not cumulative totals. Legal-budget General Fund. Revenue excludes incoming transfers, utility reimbursements and borrowing. Net spending includes capital purchases and debt payments, after utility reimbursements and before outgoing project transfers and reserve set-asides.
FY2026 is a Town estimate; FY2027 is the recommended budget; FY2028–2029 are Town projections. FY2030–2039 continue the Town Ledger assumptions and are conditional illustrations, not adopted budgets. The historical table above includes the Restricted Revenues Fund; this projected table does not. The funding-gap chart below also includes incoming transfers and outgoing project/reserve contributions.
Annual funding bridge → · Town plan and Town Ledger assumptions →
Ahead · 2026–2039
The Town plan’s annual gap rises from $749k in FY2026 to $2.53m in FY2029.
Spending & set-asidesFunding
| Annual gap before additional balance use | FY2026 estimate | FY2029 projection |
|---|---|---|
| Spending & set-asides less funding | $748,667 | $2,534,674 |
Dashed: Town estimate / recommended plan through FY2029Dotted: Town Ledger illustration from FY2030
Outlook: legal-budget General Fund. Costs include net spending and project/reserve contributions; funding excludes draws on savings. FY2026 estimate; FY2027 recommended budget; FY2028–2029 Town projections. Later years are an illustration, not adopted budgets.
The two panels use different fund scopes and measures, so they are intentionally not joined into one continuous line.
Annual chart values and sources
| Year | Basis | Funding | Spending & set-asides | Funding gap |
|---|
Annual amounts rounded to whole dollars. Costs are net of utility reimbursements. Funding includes incoming transfers; outgoing project and reserve contributions remain in costs. A funding gap is not automatically a tax increase.
If the assumptions hold, staff and operating costs drive most of the increase after FY2029.
| Annual spending component | FY2029 Town plan | FY2039 illustration | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personnel | $11,947,489 | $24,160,429 | $12,212,940 |
| Eligible operations, including Orange Rural Fire | $8,751,432 | $18,924,338 | $10,172,906 |
| All spending & set-asides | $26,009,075 | $49,643,632 | $23,634,557 |
These two categories supply 94.7% of the illustrated increase in gross spending and set-asides, not of the net funding gap. Personnel grows 7.30% a year; eligible operations 8.92%, with Orange Rural Fire separately at 5%. This is a conditional continuation of stated assumptions, not an inevitable forecast. Historical calibration and limits →
- Recurring costs keep growing. Staff costs, day-to-day operations and fire protection drive most of the projected increase after 2029. Spending trends →
- New commitments phase in. The Town sets aside more money for future fire vehicles in 2027–29. Fire-station and rail loan payments begin in 2029. Capital timeline →
- Funding grows more slowly. Property-tax revenue and utility reimbursements rise in the illustration, but do not keep pace with costs. Funding gap →
What this estimate assumes
Approved development remains in the pipeline, but construction and tax-receipt timing are uncertain. After FY2029, 2% property-tax revenue growth and flat sales tax are illustration assumptions, not a prediction that development stops. Town plan and development context →
We use the Town’s financial plan through 2029, then extend it to 2039 using the assumptions below.
2030–2039
- Spending
- Revenue
- Funding gap
- Future development and sales-tax growth could help close the funding gap and reduce the burden on existing taxpayers. How much and when remain uncertain.
- Utilities
What this means for your household
Open the household calculator to see what one year’s funding gap could mean for your Town property tax.
Period totals add separate years. They are not yearly bills; this household summary uses only the stated year’s annual gap.
These calculations use the same home value, water use, location and services as your bill comparison. Change household details or see your bill →
How my 2039 estimate is calculated
We use the Town’s financial plan through 2029, then extend it to 2039 using the assumptions below. Each annual increase builds on the previous year.
| Assumption | How it enters your estimate | Calculation and source |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Town property-tax revenue | Grows 2% each year after 2029. Your household’s share stays constant; your baseline tax grows with revenue. | Rounded from 1.81% annual growth in the Town’s FY2026–FY2029 plan: $12,319,376 to $13,000,000. |
| Any remaining General Fund gap | Your same share of the full annual gap is added to your baseline tax. The 2% is not your total bill’s growth rate. | Annual funding table → |
| Personnel and selected Operations | Grow 7.30% and 8.92% each year after 2029, using average annual growth from 2018–2025. | Historical endpoints and exclusions → |
| Orange Rural Fire | Grows 5% each year, continuing the Town plan’s assumption through 2029. | This is a continuation assumption, not a historical growth rate. |
| Sales tax and other funding | Sales tax stays flat. Other funding lines and eligible utility reimbursements follow their stated assumptions. | Shared funding assumptions → |
| Capital and loan payments | Purchases grow 3%; named projects follow their schedule, then a 3%-growing allowance after 2033. Listed loan payments follow their schedule. | Year-by-year purchases and transfers → |
| Water & Sewer | Town planning increases of 7.5% in 2028 and 2029, then historical tariff growth. Your monthly use, minimum volume and services stay fixed. | Historical rate calculations → |
| Stormwater | Historical fee growth continues from 2028 for an in-Town residential property. | Utility prices use 2018–2027 history, separate from General Fund spending history. |
Important limits: the illustration does not establish available future savings or complete capital funding. Some purchases may use existing project savings, but the records do not fully show which purchases or amounts. New revenue, spending decisions and utility-rate decisions can change your estimate.
Annual funding, capital, loan payments and full assumptions
Annual funding, capital, debt and methods
← Reference← General Fund outlook
General Fund funding through FY2039. Listed loan payments through FY2048.
General Fund funding overview
The Town’s FY2027 recommended financial plan runs through FY2029. After that, one historical-trend illustration uses the observed FY2018–FY2025 spending growth.
FY2026–FY2029 combined gap
Town recommended plan
Town recommended plan
FY2030–FY2033 combined gap
Town Ledger illustration · four-year total
Town Ledger illustration · four-year total
This illustration assumes no additional use of Town savings to cover the 2030–2033 funding gap.
³ Funding needed is the amount by which costs and money set aside exceed revenue and other funding, before any additional use of Town savings. When funding exceeds those costs and set-asides, the negative amount is a surplus.
FY2026 is an estimate, FY2027 is the recommended budget, and FY2028–FY2029 are Town projections from the saved recommended budget and financial plan. Later budget changes may not be included. Shaded FY2030–FY2039 rows are the Town Ledger illustration, not adopted Town budgets.
Some future purchases may be paid for with money already saved for projects. The available records do not fully show which purchases, or how much of their cost, those savings would cover.
What is included in this funding bridge?
| Item | How treated | Short note |
|---|---|---|
| Spending | ||
| Net spending¹ | Subtracted | Spending after utility reimbursements. Transfers to projects and reserves are shown separately. |
| Capital purchases | Included in net spending | Assets charged to that year’s budget. The capital schedule below shows the purchases and continuation assumptions. |
| Loan payments | Included in net spending | These payments are already counted. Construction costs are not added again. |
| Project transfers & reserve set-asides² | Subtracted separately | Transfers to fund projects or set money aside. They are not purchases already made or the balance available to spend. |
| Funding | ||
| Revenue | Added | Property tax, sales tax and other revenue from outside Town funds. |
| Utility reimbursements | Reduce net spending | Utility funds pay their share of eligible costs. These payments are not new Town-wide revenue. |
| Transfers in | Added | The plan’s incoming transfers. Their continued amount and available sources are assumptions explained with the calculations. |
| Funding gap or surplus | ||
| Funding needed³ | Costs and set-asides less funding | The definition is immediately below the annual table. Using more savings, raising revenue or changing spending would change the result. |
Capital purchases, contributions and transfers: one schedule, FY2025–FY2039
How does project timing work?
Project timing: North Greenway’s $333,000 contribution ends after FY2029 as funding shifts toward debt payments from FY2030; the existing debt schedule includes the full $669,280 annual North Greenway payment from FY2030. Rainey sidewalk’s $125,000 is a FY2029 contribution, not an annual recurring charge. Later years use the different projects and amounts in the published CIP. Project transfers and scheduled debt payments are separate components; construction costs are not added again. Source: recommended report printed 7 and 159 / PDF 8 and 160; CIP funding summary printed 145 / PDF 146.
What are these spending categories?
Capital purchases are assets charged to that year’s General Fund budget, such as IT equipment, police vehicles and street infrastructure. Other reserve contributions are annual transfers to set money aside for replacements or later work; they are not purchases already made or the balance available. Named-project transfers send General Fund money to a specific project on its funding schedule; they are not the project’s entire cost. Housing’s $43,826 reserve is shown separately and is already within the $320,000 housing allowance. A future purchase paid from reserves needs its matching withdrawal accounted for; neither all incoming transfers nor CIP committed-fund withdrawals are assumed to fund these purchases.
What happens in each year?
Read across a year to see purchases, contributions out and transfers in. Open that year’s detail for every category and project. Purchases are already included in net spending. Only the outgoing and incoming subtotals match the separate “Project transfers & reserve set-asides” and “Transfers in” lines of the funding overview. Do not add these purchases or the context subtotal again.
FY2025–FY2029: saved Town figures. FY2030–FY2033: known Town CIP project transfers, alongside Town Ledger continuation assumptions. FY2034–FY2039: a Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects. Transfers in remain an aggregate; no purchase-specific or reserve-withdrawal breakdown has been established.
| Year / category or project | Capital purchases Already within net spending | Project transfers & reserve set-asides Transfers out | Transfers in Aggregate only | Year comment / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2025Town actual | $400,345 | $1,582,309 | $1,707,759 | Town actuals. The $114,309 Special Appropriations transfer is not established as entirely housing.Purchases + contributions: $1,982,654 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $93,348 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $144,985 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Police other capital | $6,049 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets other capital | $77,792 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Disaster Relief capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 34 / PDF 35 · Summary / appendix caveat |
| Facilities buildings | $0 | — | — | Printed 249 / PDF 250 |
| Planning land | $0 | — | — | Printed 252 / PDF 253 |
| Public Space buildings / infrastructure | $21,019 | — | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Engineering capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 258 / PDF 259 |
| Fleet buildings / equipment | $34,115 | — | — | Printed 259 / PDF 260 |
| Solid Waste vehicles / equipment | $23,037 | — | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Public Space to capital projects | — | $333,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Public Space to committed funds | — | $340,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire to capital projects | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Fire to committed funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police interfund transfers | — | $0 | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste to committed funds | — | $335,000 | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets to committed funds | — | $13,648 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Streets to other capital funds | — | $96,352 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| IT to capital projects | — | $50,000 | — | Printed 251-252 / PDF 252-253 |
| Special Appropriations to committed funds | — | $114,309 | — | Printed 262 / PDF 263 · Not established as entirely housing. |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $1,707,759 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Published aggregate; no further breakdown established. |
| FY2026Town estimate | $3,603,448 | $2,192,603 | $1,215,845 | Town estimate. Disaster Relief capital uses the summary control of $2,131,931; the appendix differs. See the unresolved source difference.Purchases + contributions: $5,796,051 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $25,000 | — | — | Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $409,018 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $326,000 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Police other capital | $192,157 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets other capital | $45,000 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Disaster Relief capital | $2,131,931 | — | — | Printed 34 / PDF 35 · Summary / appendix caveat |
| Facilities buildings | $56,250 | — | — | Printed 249 / PDF 250 |
| Planning land | $0 | — | — | Printed 252 / PDF 253 |
| Public Space buildings / infrastructure | $0 | — | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Engineering capital | $31,000 | — | — | Printed 258 / PDF 259 |
| Fleet buildings / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 259 / PDF 260 |
| Solid Waste vehicles / equipment | $387,092 | — | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Public Space to capital projects | — | $333,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Public Space to committed funds | — | $899,603 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire to capital projects | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Fire to committed funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police interfund transfers | — | $250,000 | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste to committed funds | — | $275,000 | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets to committed funds | — | $85,000 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Streets to other capital funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| IT to capital projects | — | $50,000 | — | Printed 251-252 / PDF 252-253 |
| Special Appropriations to committed funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $1,215,845 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Published aggregate; no further breakdown established. |
| FY2027Town recommended budget | $1,067,000 | $1,531,826 | $720,500 | Town recommended budget, including $420,000 of Solid Waste vehicles/equipment. This is the saved recommended edition.Purchases + contributions: $2,598,826 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $35,000 | — | — | Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $280,000 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $171,000 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Police other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Disaster Relief capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 34 / PDF 35 · Summary / appendix caveat |
| Facilities buildings | $85,000 | — | — | Printed 249 / PDF 250 |
| Planning land | $6,000 | — | — | Printed 252 / PDF 253 |
| Public Space buildings / infrastructure | $70,000 | — | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Engineering capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 258 / PDF 259 |
| Fleet buildings / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 259 / PDF 260 |
| Solid Waste vehicles / equipment | $420,000 | — | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Public Space to capital projects | — | $363,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Public Space to committed funds | — | $340,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire to capital projects | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Fire to committed funds | — | $100,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police interfund transfers | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste to committed funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets to committed funds | — | $85,000 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Streets to other capital funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| IT to capital projects | — | $0 | — | Printed 251-252 / PDF 252-253 |
| Special Appropriations to committed funds | — | $43,826 | — | Printed 262 / PDF 263 · Housing reserve; already within housing funding. |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $720,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Published aggregate; no further breakdown established. |
| FY2028Town projection | $691,000 | $1,891,826 | $660,500 | Town projection. Public Space capital purchases are $75,000 and Engineering capital is $50,000.Purchases + contributions: $2,582,826 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $35,000 | — | — | Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $360,000 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $171,000 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Police other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Disaster Relief capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 34 / PDF 35 · Summary / appendix caveat |
| Facilities buildings | $0 | — | — | Printed 249 / PDF 250 |
| Planning land | $0 | — | — | Printed 252 / PDF 253 |
| Public Space buildings / infrastructure | $75,000 | — | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Engineering capital | $50,000 | — | — | Printed 258 / PDF 259 |
| Fleet buildings / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 259 / PDF 260 |
| Solid Waste vehicles / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Public Space to capital projects | — | $333,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Public Space to committed funds | — | $340,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire to capital projects | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Fire to committed funds | — | $200,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police interfund transfers | — | $315,000 | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste to committed funds | — | $275,000 | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets to committed funds | — | $85,000 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Streets to other capital funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| IT to capital projects | — | $0 | — | Printed 251-252 / PDF 252-253 |
| Special Appropriations to committed funds | — | $43,826 | — | Printed 262 / PDF 263 · Housing reserve; already within housing funding. |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $660,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Published aggregate; no further breakdown established. |
| FY2029Town projection | $576,000 | $1,856,826 | $610,500 | Town projection and continuation base. North Greenway $333,000 + Rainey sidewalk $125,000 are the final contributions shown for those projects.Purchases + contributions: $2,432,826 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $35,000 | — | — | Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $370,000 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $171,000 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Police other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets other capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Disaster Relief capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 34 / PDF 35 · Summary / appendix caveat |
| Facilities buildings | $0 | — | — | Printed 249 / PDF 250 |
| Planning land | $0 | — | — | Printed 252 / PDF 253 |
| Public Space buildings / infrastructure | $0 | — | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Engineering capital | $0 | — | — | Printed 258 / PDF 259 |
| Fleet buildings / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 259 / PDF 260 |
| Solid Waste vehicles / equipment | $0 | — | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Public Space to capital projects | — | $458,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Of which: North Greenway | — | $333,000 | — | Part of the $458,000 above; ends after FY2029. Printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Of which: Rainey sidewalk | — | $125,000 | — | Part of the $458,000 above; FY2029 contribution only. Printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Public Space to committed funds | — | $340,000 | — | Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire to capital projects | — | $0 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Fire to committed funds | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police interfund transfers | — | $330,000 | — | Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste to committed funds | — | $300,000 | — | Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets to committed funds | — | $85,000 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Streets to other capital funds | — | $0 | — | Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| IT to capital projects | — | $0 | — | Printed 251-252 / PDF 252-253 |
| Special Appropriations to committed funds | — | $43,826 | — | Printed 262 / PDF 263 · Housing reserve; already within housing funding. |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Published aggregate; no further breakdown established. |
| FY2030Town CIP projects + Town Ledger assumptions | $593,280 | $2,198,826 | $610,500 | Known Town CIP: South Greenway design $800,000. North Greenway and Rainey contributions end; the existing debt schedule includes North Greenway payments of $669,280 a year from FY2030. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 1); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,792,106 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $36,050 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^1. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $381,100 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^1. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $176,130 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^1. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| South Greenway design | — | $800,000 | — | Town CIP · printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2031Town CIP projects + Town Ledger assumptions | $611,078 | $1,428,826 | $610,500 | Known Town CIP: Cates basketball design $30,000. Purchase and other continuation amounts are Town Ledger assumptions. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 2); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,039,904 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $37,132 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^2. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $392,533 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^2. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $181,414 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^2. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Cates basketball design | — | $30,000 | — | Town CIP · printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2032Town CIP projects + Town Ledger assumptions | $629,411 | $1,398,826 | $610,500 | Known Town CIP: no General Fund named-project transfer listed ($0). This does not mean the Town has no capital work or costs. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 3); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,028,237 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $38,245 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^3. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $404,309 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^3. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $186,856 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^3. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Named-project transfers listed in CIP | — | $0 | — | Town CIP · printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2033Town CIP projects + Town Ledger assumptions | $648,293 | $1,798,826 | $610,500 | Known Town CIP: Cates basketball $300,000 + South Churton $100,000. This is the last year with identified project transfers in this continuation. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 4); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,447,119 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $39,393 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^4. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $416,438 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^4. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $192,462 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^4. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Named-project transfers: Cates basketball + South Churton | — | $400,000 | — | Town CIP · printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Of which: Cates basketball | — | $300,000 | — | Part of the $400,000 above. Printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Of which: South Churton | — | $100,000 | — | Part of the $400,000 above. Printed 145 / PDF 146 |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2034Town Ledger future-project allowance | $667,742 | $1,746,554 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^1. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 5); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,414,296 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $40,575 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^5. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $428,931 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^5. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $198,236 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^5. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $347,728 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2035Town Ledger future-project allowance | $687,774 | $1,756,986 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^2. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 6); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,444,760 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $41,792 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^6. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $441,799 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^6. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $204,183 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^6. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $358,160 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2036Town Ledger future-project allowance | $708,407 | $1,767,731 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^3. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 7); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,476,138 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $43,046 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^7. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $455,053 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^7. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $210,308 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^7. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $368,905 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2037Town Ledger future-project allowance | $729,660 | $1,778,798 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^4. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 8); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,508,457 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $44,337 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^8. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $468,705 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^8. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $216,618 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^8. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $379,972 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2038Town Ledger future-project allowance | $751,549 | $1,790,197 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^5. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 9); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,541,746 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $45,667 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^9. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $482,766 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^9. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $223,116 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^9. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $391,371 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
| FY2039Town Ledger future-project allowance | $774,096 | $1,801,938 | $610,500 | Town Ledger allowance for unidentified future projects: $337,600 × 1.03^6. It is not a Town forecast or a complete future capital plan. Capital purchases grow 3% from FY2029 (year 10); reserves and housing stay flat.Purchases + contributions: $2,576,034 (context subtotal, not an extra funding adjustment). |
| IT equipment | $47,037 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^10. Base: Printed 251 / PDF 252 |
| Police vehicles | $497,249 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^10. Base: Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Streets infrastructure | $229,810 | — | — | FY2029 base × 1.03^10. Base: Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Town Ledger future-project allowance | — | $403,112 | — | Town Ledger allowance basis |
| Public Space reserve | — | $340,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 253 / PDF 254 |
| Fire reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 255 / PDF 256 |
| Police reserve | — | $330,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 256 / PDF 257 |
| Solid Waste reserve | — | $300,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 260 / PDF 261 |
| Streets reserve | — | $85,000 | — | FY2029 amount held flat. Printed 261 / PDF 262 |
| Housing reserve | — | $43,826 | — | Held flat; already within the $320,000 housing allowance. Printed 262 / PDF 263 |
| Transfers into the General Fund | — | — | $610,500 | Printed 20 / PDF 21 · Aggregate carried forward by assumption; not verified recurring income. |
Source checks and continuation notes
- Purchase and allowance rules. From FY2030, the $576,000 FY2029 purchase base grows 3% a year: IT $35,000, Police vehicles $370,000 and Streets infrastructure $171,000. The FY2029–FY2033 named-project transfers average $337,600 in scheduled nominal dollars. That average is the FY2033 base for the FY2034–FY2039 allowance: $337,600 × 1.03^(year − 2033). The allowance does not identify projects or establish complete capital/lifecycle coverage.
- Reserve and housing treatment. Other reserve contributions total $1,355,000 a year after FY2029: Public Space $340,000; Fire $300,000; Police $330,000; Solid Waste $300,000; Streets $85,000. Housing’s $43,826 reserve stays separate and is already in the $320,000 housing allowance. These are transfers, not purchases or available balances. A purchase paid from reserves needs its matching withdrawal accounted for.
- IT recovery. The unchanged utility allocation is 52%: $18,200 × 1.03^(year − 2029). This recovery is already reflected in net spending; it is not an additional transfer-in row here. Other recoveries and listed debt keep their existing treatment.
- Incoming transfers. The $610,500 from FY2029 is held flat afterward as an aggregate assumption. It is not verified recurring income or an identified reserve withdrawal, and is not assigned to individual purchases. Changing the assumption would change the funding result.
- CIP committed-fund withdrawals. FY2030 $1,300,000; FY2031 $0; FY2032 $630,000; FY2033 $495,000. These fund the CIP; they are not additional General Fund inflows in this schedule. Printed 145 / PDF 146
- FY2026 Disaster Relief source difference. The summary has $2,131,931; the appendix has $1,308,603, an unresolved $823,328 difference. This schedule retains the summary to preserve the General Fund control. Summary · printed 34 / PDF 35
- Reading the detail. “Of which” rows split the immediately preceding project amount; do not add them again. A dash means the line belongs in another column; $0 is a listed zero. Each display value is independently rounded, so displayed parts can differ from a subtotal by a dollar. Calculations keep full precision. Purchase totals are not the complete CIP and do not imply that every purchase is financed a second time by a reserve contribution.
Original Town recommended report · printed 20 / PDF 21 · CIP funding summary · printed 145 / PDF 146 · Project timing · printed 7 / PDF 8 · North Greenway · printed 159 / PDF 160 · Open saved source report · Download current annual schedule and calculations
Loan payments continue after construction
Listed as issuedProjected borrowing
These are loan payments in the supplied workbook, not an additional cost to add to the funding bridge or project price. Water & Sewer and Stormwater here show debt only, not a future operating budget or rate forecast.
Every year’s listed payments
Debt Service Projections.xlsx, Debt!D2:Y40; projected assumptions in C3:H26. FY2026 has no column in this workbook, so this table begins in FY2027. The General Fund plan separately reports FY2026 debt service of $396,625; other funds are not filled with zero.
What does the long tail include?
“Listed as issued” follows the workbook’s classification; it does not independently establish current issuance or outstanding balances. Proposed borrowing remains a model. Fire Station payments run through FY2048 in that model. The last listed Water & Sewer payments are in FY2046; Stormwater’s listed JetVac payments end in FY2035.
The older FY2025 audit does not independently authenticate later Adron/Lawndale execution. The projected West Fork Eno Dam Repairs row has a payment schedule but no matching principal/rate/term assumption row; its supplied payments are preserved without inventing those inputs.
Only the listed loans are included. Later borrowing, replacement projects, maintenance and other lifecycle costs remain unspecified. Zero after a listed loan ends does not mean all future fund costs end. The household model continues to stop at FY2039.
Original debt workbook → · Loan-level source cells and checks →
General Fund projection: calculations and source records
The annual table above shows spending after utility reimbursements. The annual table here shows total spending and funding, including reimbursements on the funding side. Adding the same reimbursements to spending and funding leaves the gap unchanged.
These calculations do not estimate future savings balances. A funding gap could be met by eligible savings, more revenue or spending changes; the available amount of savings has not been established.
Spending assumptions after FY2029
| Item | How treated | Short note |
|---|---|---|
| Personnel | 7.30% yearly growth | Applied to the $11,947,489 FY2029 starting amount used for growth. |
| Operations included in annual growth | 8.92% yearly growth | Applied to the $6,468,416 FY2029 starting amount used for growth. The historical calculation is explained below. |
| Orange Rural Fire contribution | Separate 5% yearly growth | Applied to its $2,283,016 FY2029 contribution. The full basis and limits are below. |
| Listed loan payments | Use each year’s supplied payments | Includes projected borrowing. The loan schedules above cover all three funds through FY2048. |
| Capital purchases and named-project transfers | Use the detailed capital schedule above | Purchases grow 3%; named projects follow the FY2030–FY2033 CIP, followed by a continuation allowance. |
| Other reserve contributions | Hold $1,355,000 flat | A continued set-aside, not an estimate of savings available. |
| Separate IT projects | Hold $220,000 flat | The phone/security placeholder has no verified installation/ongoing split or end date. It does not establish perpetual one-time spending. |
| Housing funding | Hold $320,000 flat | Already includes the $43,826 housing reserve contribution. |
| Roadwork and contingency | Hold $335,000 and $450,000 flat | These and the other flat lines do not receive the historical operating growth rate. |
No complete CIP for FY2034–FY2039 has been established. Future capital and lifecycle requirements are unknown; these continued amounts do not fully match future purchases to their funding.
Fire contribution and limits of the historical-growth assumption
Revenue and other funding assumptions after FY2029
| Item | How treated | Short note |
|---|---|---|
| Property-tax revenue | Grow 2% a year from $13,000,000 | This is revenue growth, not a specified tax-rate increase. |
| Sales tax | Hold $3,408,000 flat | The recommended plan uses this amount in every FY2026–FY2029; extending it is a Town Ledger assumption. |
| Intergovernmental revenue | Hold $1,695,500 flat | Continued FY2029 amount. |
| Fees, interest and other receipts | Hold $125,100, $400,000 and $96,300 flat | Continued FY2029 amounts. |
| Incoming transfers | Hold $610,500 flat | This is not verified recurring income. Changing it would change the gap. |
| Utility reimbursements | Start at $4,139,001, then follow eligible costs | Different departments keep their existing allocation percentages; there is no blanket split. |
Identified personnel and operating utility shares grow at their matching expense rates. Facilities debt recovery of $78,067.08 ends after FY2033. IT capital recovery grows 3% from $18,200, matching 52% of the $35,000 equipment base. Public Space and the conditional $114,400 phone/security share stay flat.
Incremental changes preserve the published FY2029 reimbursement; the reconstructed components differ by $7.08. Some operating and IT classifications remain incomplete.
Utility customers still fund these shared costs. Household utility bills use a separate tariff projection; this General Fund calculation does not forecast utility rates.
How revenue changes over time
Own revenueProperty taxSales tax
Annual revenue, funding, spending and debt figures
| Year and basis | Own revenue | Sales tax | Funding before additional savings | Spending & set-asides | Annual gap | Debt payments |
|---|
Debt peaks at $3,522,335 in FY2033 and falls to $2,701,657 in FY2039 under the supplied debt schedule, including projected loans. That is not all issued debt. Capital purchases and financing obligations are different measures; the complete CIP must not be added on top of this model.
Rule of thumb: what would a $1m annual gap mean for a Town tax bill?
The Town’s FY2027 planning estimate is about $240,000 raised per penny of property-tax rate. If an entire $1,000,000 annual gap were met through Town property tax alone, the equivalent would be approximately 4.17 cents per $100 of taxable value: about $42 per $100,000 of taxable value a year, or about $208 on $500,000 and $346 on $830,000.
This is a scale comparison, not a proposed or adopted increase. It applies to an annual funding gap, not a cumulative funding total. County taxes are separate. Use taxable value after applicable exclusions; future tax-base growth changes the amount raised per penny. Other funding and spending responses remain possible.
The spending rates use seven annual intervals, 2018–2025, in audited General Fund categories before utility reimbursements. Historical endpoints, adjustments and source table →
Exact annual formulas
For year y after 2029, n = y − 2029.
Spending and set-asides = $26,009,075 + $11,947,489 × ((1 + 0.0729581929219647)^n − 1) + $6,468,416 × ((1 + 0.08923203761338416)^n − 1) + $2,283,016 × (1.05^n − 1) + (year’s listed debt payments − $1,596,154) + ($576,000 × 1.03^n − $576,000) + (year’s named-project transfer or allowance − $458,000).
Funding before additional savings = $23,474,401 + $13,000,000 × (1.02^n − 1), plus the mapped change in utility reimbursements. IT equipment adds $18,200 × (1.03^n − 1) to utility funding.
Annual funding gap = spending and set-asides − funding before additional savings. The capital schedule above contains the exact project-transfer and continuation-allowance formula. Calculations retain full precision; display figures are rounded.
Source records and remaining limits
The historical funding bridge includes the Restricted Revenues Fund. The saved future plan has its own budgetary scope, and its implied opening balance differs from the audited June 2025 balances. That reconciliation remains unresolved. This is not a complete project-fund cash forecast. No opening or closing savings balance is inferred, and no adopted-budget, audit-basis or alternate-workbook balance has been spliced into the saved plan. The current FY2025 audit bridges remain separate.
Historical endpoints: FY2018 audit, original Schedule 1, PDF pages 93–96 / printed pages 73–76; FY2025 audit, Schedule 1, PDF pages 97–100 / printed pages 74–77. Roadwork classification: FY2027 recommended budget, Streets detail, PDF page 262 / printed page 261.
- Original FY2027 recommended budget and financial plan → Funding summary: printed page 20 / PDF page 21. Tax-penny estimate: printed page 6 / PDF page 7.
- Current calculations, capital history and source checks →
- Original Debt Service Projections workbook → General Fund: Debt!F10:P10; projected assumptions: Projected Assumptions!C3:H7.
- Preserved original long-term illustration →
- Saved outlook through FY2029 →
What changes the General Fund gap?
What drives the change?
← More funding reduces the General Fund gapHigher costs increase it →
Utility reimbursements reduce the General Fund gap, but utility customers still fund that share. Project examples below are context; their borrowing, debt payments and repeated capital/reserve lines must not be added again.
Reconcile the reimbursement-inclusive figures
The main chart above shows costs after utility reimbursements. This supporting view adds the same reimbursements to both spending and funding. The annual gap is unchanged; these figures are not additional costs.
FY2039 · historical-trend illustration
- General Fund annual gap Spending & set-asides less funding before additional savings
- Spending & set-asides Includes scheduled loan payments, capital purchases and project/reserve set-asides
- Funding before additional savings Includes reimbursements and stated transfer assumptions
Does funding keep pace with costs?
Amounts in $ millions. Solid lines show the saved Town-plan edition; dashed lines show Town Ledger’s conditional continuation. Funding includes reimbursements and transfers, so it is broader than own revenue.
Spending & set-asidesFunding before additional savings
General Fund only · Town recommended plan through FY2029 · what-if example for FY2030–FY2039.
A separate actual-home comparison
An actual home: past and projected Town tax
Town property tax only · same actual home
Anonymized example; independent of your entries above.
2018–2025 · 7 years
2025–2039 · 14 years · if assumptions hold
Annualized rates account for the different period lengths. Utilities and County taxes excluded. Full fixed-home comparison →
Tables and sources
Each link opens the relevant shared calculation directly. Your saved household entries carry through these views.
- Town funding: annual revenue, spending and gap, 2026–2039
- Capital purchases and transfers, 2025–2039
- Full funding assumptions, formulas and original records
- Historical revenue and spending bridge, 2018–2025
- An actual home: historical bills and full comparison
- Additional property tax across the full 2026–2039 period
Verified figures & source bridges
Audited results and the preserved analytical edition
Updated 1 October 2026: Current record-review status and recovered histories →
Verified on September 30, 2026. This evidence layer sits beside the saved analytical edition. It does not overwrite that edition’s figures or combine funds into a Town-wide spending total.
Open FY2025 audit Verified public history tables
FY2025 · audited operating-fund schedules
Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. A surplus or deficit is a budgetary result, not a cash-flow measure.
| Fund | Own revenue | Gross expenditure | Budgetary result | Audit PDF pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Fund | $17,047,188 | $17,248,390 | $3,063,273 | 96–101 |
| Water and Sewer | $14,572,774 | $11,974,615 | ($513,445) | 110–112 |
| Stormwater | $930,756 | $822,193 | $33,563 | 119 |
The General Fund received $17.05 million in its own revenue and recorded $17.25 million in gross service spending. Utilities reimbursed $3.14 million of that spending. After transfers, budgetary fund balance rose by $3.06 million.
Water & Sewer received $14.57 million in revenue and recorded $11.97 million in operating-fund expenditure. Transfers out were $3.33 million and transfers in were $213,523, leaving a $513,445 budgetary deficit.
Stormwater received $930,756 in revenue and recorded $822,193 in operating-fund expenditure. A separate $75,000 transfer to capital improvements left a $33,563 budgetary surplus.
These funds pay one another. Adding their cards would double-count shared services and funding transfers.
FY2025 audit: General Fund PDF pages 96–101; Water & Sewer 110–112; Stormwater 119. Open the embedded audit →
Why the audit and the saved General Fund view differ
| Measure | Saved analytical edition | Audited schedule | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross General Fund spending | $17,123,967 | $17,248,390 | $124,423 |
| Utility reimbursements (funding view) | $3,014,602 | $3,139,025 | $124,423 |
| Net expenditure | $14,109,365 | $14,109,365 | $0 |
| Own revenue | $17,047,190 | $17,047,188 | ($2) |
| Budgetary result | $3,063,275 | $3,063,273 | ($2) |
| Capital classification | $400,345 | $972,395 | $572,050 |
The original service reconstruction separately uses $3,139,027 in reimbursements. Its $124,425 bridge and the additional $2 source difference are retained. These are source-basis differences, not missing cash.
The $572,050 capital difference is Powell Bill roadwork classified as operations in the saved plan and capital in the audit. Total Streets service spending is unchanged.
The $74,019 intergovernmental-category difference is offset by $31,504 in the fee comparison and $42,517 in Other, leaving a $2 total difference across those summary baskets. This locates an aggregate offset; it does not establish account-level reclassification or its cause.
The Water & Sewer operating schedule records $636,231 transferred to Utilities Capital Improvements. The receiving project schedule records $636,229. The $2 discrepancy remains explicit.
Legally budgeted General Fund history · FY2018–FY2025
USD whole dollars. Exhibit4 General Fund column is consolidated reporting GF. Exhibit5 Actual column is legally budgeted GF. Original and final budgets must never be mixed with actuals.
Audited GF expenditures are NET of enterprise-fund reimbursements in detailed Schedule1. To show gross service costs, add reimbursements back to expenditures and show the same reimbursements as a distinct funding source. Do not add them as revenue while retaining net expenditure.
FY2021 reclassifies local option sales tax from Other taxes and licenses to Unrestricted intergovernmental revenue. Raw category series is not apples-to-apples without reclassification. Original sales tax amounts: FY2018 1,486,817; FY2019 1,708,025; FY2020 1,719,865 (Schedule1).
FY2021 Exhibit5 and subsequent audits reconcile Restricted Revenues Fund into reporting GF. Exclude that fund consistently for a budgetary operating series; include it consistently for audited consolidated control totals.
FY2020 original audit Exhibit4 debt service = 967,363. FY2021 Schedule1 comparative FY2020 moves motor pool 82,311 from debt service to capital outlay; later comparative debt service = 885,052.
FY2024 Schedule1 in FY2025 audit changes comparative function classifications relative to FY2024 Exhibit5. Do not mix raw function columns across source versions.
FY2025 audit p58/PDF79 future-payments table visibly prints FY2030 principal430,545, interest1,142,543, total1,573,088. Preserve as a source-table anomaly; do not treat as a validated forecast or independently conclude that another schedule is wrong.
| Fiscal year | Own revenue | Net expenditure | Net financing | Budgetary result | Closing budgetary balance | Source / PDF page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | $10,255,489 | $10,176,945 | $856,919 | $935,463 | $7,445,095 | Hillsborough2018 / 46 |
| 2019 | $10,079,224 | $9,349,876 | ($219,416) | $509,932 | $7,955,027 | Hillsborough2019 / 46 |
| 2020 | $11,162,292 | $10,295,810 | ($350,488) | $515,994 | $8,471,021 | Hillsborough2020 / 43 |
| 2021 | $11,645,302 | $9,367,325 | ($228,097) | $2,049,880 | $10,398,243 | Hillsborough2021 / 45 |
| 2022 | $13,700,724 | $11,080,724 | ($1,165,206) | $1,454,794 | $11,853,037 | Hillsborough2022 / 44 |
| 2023 | $15,361,655 | $12,138,059 | ($853,214) | $2,370,382 | $14,223,419 | Hillsborough2023 / 49 |
| 2024 | $16,317,812 | $13,754,719 | ($2,458,796) | $104,297 | $14,327,716 | Hillsborough2024 / 42 |
| 2025 | $17,047,188 | $14,109,365 | $125,450 | $3,063,273 | $17,390,989 | Hillsborough2025 / 42 |
The FY2020 original audit is shown here. The later FY2021 comparative presents FY2020 revenue of $11,076,524, expenditure of $10,090,585 and closing balance of $8,348,363. The saved analytical series retains that later comparator. Do not join balance series across this source-scope break without a bridge.
Historical audit titles and page references are included in the downloadable verified package; the FY2025 audit is embedded in this HTML.
Utility audited history · FY2018–FY2025
All reported amounts use each audit budgetary schedule actual column. This is an operating-fund budgetary series; it is neither GAAP total enterprise revenues nor a cash-flow series.
No cash-flow, net-position, or GAAP reconciliation adjustment is substituted for a budgetary receipt, expenditure, transfer, or result.
Null means not separately reported or not separately verified; it must not be rendered or imputed as zero. Explicit source dashes and calculated aggregate sums are documented separately.
FY2018–FY2019 aggregate other receipts must stay combined with any development/capital-facility-fee component until separately supported; no unverified fee decomposition is presented.
Published budgetary result is verified independently and reconciles as revenue less expenditures plus net financing. Distinct non-transfer proceeds are included.
Water & Sewer
| Fiscal year | Revenue | Operating-fund expenditure | Net financing | Budgetary result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | $10,280,702 | $10,182,546 | $2,783,054 | $2,881,210 |
| 2019 | $11,920,076 | $8,949,676 | ($2,482,845) | $487,555 |
| 2020 | $10,757,638 | $8,489,304 | ($118,366) | $2,149,968 |
| 2021 | $10,831,186 | $8,874,625 | ($509,823) | $1,446,738 |
| 2022 | $11,047,046 | $9,747,311 | ($691,032) | $608,703 |
| 2023 | $11,877,414 | $10,243,983 | ($349,969) | $1,283,462 |
| 2024 | $14,219,994 | $11,400,648 | ($2,116,530) | $702,816 |
| 2025 | $14,572,774 | $11,974,615 | ($3,111,604) | ($513,445) |
Stormwater
| Fiscal year | Revenue | Operating-fund expenditure | Net financing | Budgetary result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | $638,441 | $448,422 | $0 | $190,019 |
| 2019 | $659,071 | $541,755 | $0 | $117,316 |
| 2020 | $670,877 | $491,508 | $0 | $179,369 |
| 2021 | $702,526 | $504,879 | ($100,000) | $97,647 |
| 2022 | $720,094 | $594,323 | $0 | $125,771 |
| 2023 | $758,074 | $692,717 | $0 | $65,357 |
| 2024 | $804,722 | $824,605 | $0 | ($19,883) |
| 2025 | $930,756 | $822,193 | ($75,000) | $33,563 |
Stormwater FY2018–FY2024 net financing is the derived net financing effect required by the published budgetary result. This does not establish undisclosed gross transfers or their categories.
FY2018 and FY2019 Water & Sewer results include $309,514 and $37,279 of non-transfer financing respectively. Early separate development fees remain unestablished. Early Stormwater non-charge receipts are other operating revenue, not assumed interest.
FY2025 reserves and project funds · nine rollforwards
Balances are not the same as money free to spend.
These schedules show opening balances, movements and closing balances. Restrictions, outstanding commitments and encumbrances must be checked before judging spending capacity.
| Schedule | Opening | Receipts & inward transfers | Direct spending | Outward transfers | Closing | Audit PDF page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Capital Reserve | $734,588 | $67,352 | $0 | $229,822 | $572,118 | 108 |
| Committed Funds | $655,884 | $802,957 | $0 | $277,269 | $1,181,572 | 109 |
| Utilities Capital Improvements | $7,847,675 | $922,911 | $1,192,226 | $213,523 | $7,364,837 | 113 |
| West Fork Eno Reservoir Project | $571,585 | $15,090 | $474,469 | $0 | $112,206 | 114 |
| Mill Creek Road Project | $2,541 | $0 | $2,113 | $0 | $428 | 115 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve | $1,402,554 | $390,878 | $0 | $0 | $1,793,432 | 116 |
| Water System Development Reserve | $1,091,983 | $1,315,149 | $0 | $0 | $2,407,132 | 117 |
| Sewer System Development Reserve | $1,136,127 | $1,373,747 | $0 | $20,000 | $2,489,874 | 118 |
| Stormwater Capital Improvements | $0 | $75,000 | $0 | $0 | $75,000 | 120 |
The General Fund budgetary closing balance is $17,390,989. Consolidated reporting adds $245,094 from the Restricted Revenues Fund, reaching $17,636,083. Neither measure is available cash.
The Water & Sewer Capital Reserve FY2024 opening balance is $54 below the original FY2023 closing balance. This source discrepancy is retained; it is not treated as expenditure.
Reserve history · sources, reconstructions and gaps
These are audited supplemental budgetary schedule balances, not verified bank cash, unrestricted spendable funds, or remaining project appropriations.
Annual movements use Current Year Actual only. Prior Years is cumulative history at the fiscal-year opening and Total to Date is the accumulated ending balance; Project Authorization and Variance are not fiscal-year actual activity.
Transfers in and transfers out remain separate. Transfers among town funds are movements of existing money; do not add transfer receipts to townwide external revenue or transfer uses to external expenditure without consolidation eliminations.
A blank CSV cell/null JSON value means not separately established. Zero values in primary schedule rows reflect an explicit dash or no reported activity in the complete schedule. Committed Funds FY2018-FY2023 is not assumed to exist or have zero balances.
FY2024 Committed Funds is reconstructed at the net rollforward level. Its opening0 comes from a consolidation residual, not a claim of legal inception or a blanket zero history. Gross nontransfer components remain null.
FY2024 Water/Sewer Capital Reserve opening is54 lower than FY2023 closing in the originals. This is an unexplained source-version difference, not FY2024 spending, and is not silently repaired.
| Fund | Fiscal year | Opening | Closing | Status | PDF page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2018 | $214,562 | $111,543 | verified primary schedule | 103 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2019 | $111,543 | $113,921 | verified primary schedule | 103 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2020 | $113,921 | $115,128 | verified primary schedule | 97 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2021 | $115,128 | $115,128 | verified primary schedule | 104 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2022 | $115,128 | $307,118 | verified primary schedule | 108 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2023 | $307,118 | $902,088 | verified primary schedule | 113 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2024 | $902,088 | $734,588 | verified primary schedule | 109 |
| General Capital Reserve Fund | 2025 | $734,588 | $572,118 | verified primary schedule | 108 |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2018 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2019 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2020 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2021 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2022 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2023 | Not established | Not established | not separately evidenced | Not established |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2024 | $0 | $655,884 | reconstructed consolidation residual confirmed by next year | 108 |
| Committed Funds Fund | 2025 | $655,884 | $1,181,572 | verified primary schedule | 109 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2018 | $3,444,227 | $3,259,098 | verified primary schedule | 113 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2019 | $3,259,098 | $5,015,929 | verified primary schedule | 113 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2020 | $5,015,929 | $2,835,293 | verified primary schedule | 108 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2021 | $2,835,293 | $2,832,863 | verified primary schedule | 115 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2022 | $2,832,863 | $2,845,151 | verified primary schedule | 117 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2023 | $2,845,151 | $1,302,985 | verified primary schedule | 120 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2024 | $1,302,931 | $1,402,554 | verified primary schedule | 116 |
| Water and Sewer Capital Reserve Fund | 2025 | $1,402,554 | $1,793,432 | verified primary schedule | 116 |
Verified water and sewer rates
Residential standard water plus sewer; no stormwater, taxes, penalties, deposits, connection fees or ancillary charges. Calculated amounts are illustrative, not a quote from the source or actual billed rounding verification.
FY2021 is a documented current-rate snapshot, not a retrieved adopted schedule. FY2022 remains a complete-year gap. Values below are per 1,000 gallons; minima retain the printed amounts rather than assumed rounding.
| FY | Location | Water / 1,000 gal | Sewer / 1,000 gal | Water minimum | Sewer minimum | Source status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | inside | $9.26 | $13.69 | $23.15 | $34.23 | Official current-rate snapshot in report issued 2020-11-18 (during FY2021); FY2021 adoption schedule not retrieved |
| 2021 | outside | $18.06 | $26.69 | $45.15 | $66.73 | Official current-rate snapshot in report issued 2020-11-18 (during FY2021); FY2021 adoption schedule not retrieved |
| 2023 | inside | $10.12 | $14.24 | $22.77 | $32.04 | Official FY2023 schedule in Aug8,2022 packet; rates/minima independently confirmed as previous in adopted FY2024 notice |
| 2023 | outside | $19.72 | $27.76 | $44.37 | $62.46 | Official FY2023 schedule in Aug8,2022 packet; rates/minima independently confirmed as previous in adopted FY2024 notice |
| 2024 | inside | $10.73 | $15.09 | $22.80 | $32.07 | Official adopted-rate notice; effective date explicit |
| 2024 | outside | $20.90 | $29.43 | $44.41 | $62.54 | Official adopted-rate notice; effective date explicit |
| 2025 | inside | $11.53 | $16.22 | $23.06 | $32.44 | Adopted June10,2024; approved minutes Aug12,2024; full fee schedule visually checked |
| 2025 | outside | $22.48 | $31.63 | $44.97 | $63.26 | Adopted June10,2024; approved minutes Aug12,2024; full fee schedule visually checked |
Budget editions, Police and remaining source questions
The site’s saved forward spending series uses the recommended plan. The adopted budget is a separate edition; this update does not claim an adopted-plan replacement.
Police FY2025 personnel remains $3,844,614 in the original reconstruction. The ERP workbook’s $3,684,038.38 leaves a $160,575.62 difference located by grouping but not explained. Both remain in the source bridge.
The complete package retains the detailed Police, Water & Sewer, intergovernmental and budget-edition bridges, plus all 44 gap dispositions. Null values remain unavailable rather than zero.
Verification: three FY2025 fund equations, nine FY2025 reserve/project rollforwards, eight General Fund annual controls and fourteen historical utility result equations reconcile. Forty-two compared legacy utility revenue fields match their verified sources.
Where did the General Fund surplus go?
← Reference← General Fund revenue
Reported General Fund balance grew $10.19m, alongside $7.70m of outward transfers.
From June 2018 to June 2025, the General Fund balance rose from $7,445,095 to $17,636,083. During the seven intervening fiscal years, it also transferred $7,701,055 to project and reserve funds. Transfers back are shown separately below.
Same audited reporting General Fund, including Restricted Revenues Fund. Fund balance is an accounting measure; it is not a statement of current cash available to spend.
| Same scope | FY2018 | FY2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $10,255,489 | $17,423,991 | 69.9% |
| Net spending | $10,176,945 | $14,280,977 | 40.3% |
The service-cost view’s 38.6% change uses the legally budgeted General Fund. Its FY2025 spending excludes $171,612 reported in the Restricted Revenues Fund. The original service view and planning figures remain separate.
| June 2018 to June 2025 bridge | Amount |
|---|---|
| Opening fund balance · June 2018 | $7,445,095 |
| Revenue · FY2019–FY2025 | $95,865,510 |
| Less net spending | ($80,544,755) |
| Plus financing entries and asset-sale proceeds | $598,771 |
| Transfers in | $1,972,517 |
| Less transfers out | ($7,701,055) |
| Closing fund balance · June 2025 | $17,636,083 |
Of the outward transfers, $5,279,892 went to capital-project funds and $2,421,163 to capital reserves or committed funds. Those destinations may later spend the money; these transfers are not extra amounts to add to the bridge.
Financing includes $300,000 of loans, $272,820 of lease/subscription financing and $25,951 of asset sales. FY2025 incoming transfers include the $1,200,668 NC86 return after the project obtained loan financing; it is not recurring revenue.
Annual figures and source checks
| FY | Revenue | Net spending | Other financing | Transfers in | Transfers out | Balance change | Closing balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | $10,079,224 | $9,349,876 | $0 | $0 | $219,416 | $509,932 | $7,955,027 |
| 2020 | $11,162,292 | $10,295,810 | $0 | $91,855 | $442,343 | $515,994 | $8,471,021 |
| 2021 | $11,684,899 | $9,502,224 | $300,000 | $5,403 | $513,500 | $1,974,578 | $10,445,599 |
| 2022 | $13,812,474 | $11,088,843 | $144,064 | $0 | $1,309,270 | $1,558,425 | $12,004,024 |
| 2023 | $15,384,818 | $12,272,306 | $128,756 | $0 | $981,970 | $2,259,298 | $14,263,322 |
| 2024 | $16,317,812 | $13,754,719 | $25,951 | $167,500 | $2,652,247 | $104,297 | $14,367,619 |
| 2025 | $17,423,991 | $14,280,977 | $0 | $1,707,759 | $1,582,309 | $3,268,464 | $17,636,083 |
- FY2019: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf · printed 24 / PDF 44
- FY2020: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf · printed 24 / PDF 41
- FY2021: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2021.pdf · printed 17 / PDF 43
- FY2022: Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2022.pdf · printed 19 / PDF 42
- FY2023: Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2023.pdf · printed 20 / PDF 47
- FY2024: Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2024.pdf · printed 20 / PDF 40
- FY2025: Annual Financial Report_ Year Ended June 30, 2025.pdf · printed 20 / PDF 40
FY2024 Committed Funds $655,884 is a reconstructed receiving/consolidation residual, corroborated by the FY2025 opening balance. It is not an individually verified original sender label. FY2018 is the opening balance date, so there are seven years of subsequent flows.
See the project and reserve histories → · Download the source checks →
What has been spent or set aside?
← Reference← Capital & Projects
These audited schedules show past project funding, spending and balances. They are separate from the FY2027–FY2033 capital plan.
¹ Net financing includes borrowing and transfers as reported. Opening balance + revenue + net financing − spending = closing balance. Transfers and named project lines are already within their fund schedules, not extra Town-wide spending.
Historical balances are not current available cash. Later spending, restrictions, commitments and encumbrances must be checked before describing money as available.
Years covered and exact source pages
Named project funding and spending
Unverified amounts remain unavailable. Contributions are funding movements, not proof of final expenditure or current uncommitted money.
Source differences kept visible
| Difference | What the sources show |
|---|---|
| $2 | FY2025 Water & Sewer operating transfer out $636,231; receiving Utilities Capital Improvements Fund $636,229. The reciprocal amounts are unmatched. |
| $54 | Water & Sewer Capital Reserve FY2023 closing versus FY2024 opening. A source-version difference, not FY2024 spending. |
| $60,862 | Utilities Capital Improvements FY2024 closing $7,908,537 versus FY2025 opening $7,847,675. It matches a closed-out appropriated-fund-balance line; exact adjustment treatment is unconfirmed. |
- FY2024 closed-out funding is printed on the NC86 GF-funding row while Valley Forge expenditure closes by the same $1,222,197. FY2025 prior rows restore NC86 cumulative GF funding $1,398,450 and reduce Valley Forge cumulative funding to $28,720. Aggregate fund balance is unchanged; project-row re-presentation is preserved rather than treated as a new receipt.
- FY2024 State TIP current-year receipt $57,284 is included in the FY2025 prior Transit-tax line instead of prior State-TIP line. Total prior revenue is unchanged.
- FY2023 prior revenue and prior expenditure are each $40,034 greater than FY2022 cumulative reported totals; opening net balance is unchanged. Preserve annual sources and do not manufacture current-year activity.
Which project approvals have been located?
These ordinances have adoption evidence. Authorization does not establish that money has been received, debt issued or a construction contract signed. The received 35-entry capital plan remains its own planning edition.
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Sodium Hypochlorite Conversion (2026-06-08) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance - Rainey Avenue Sidewalk (07-01-2026) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance - Undersized Sewer Main Replacements (07-01-2026) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Cates Creek Outfall Upgrade (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Elizabeth Brady Pump Station Upgrade (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Elizabeth Brady Rd Culvert (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Eno River Interceptors East (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Fire Station (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Ridgewalk Greenway (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - Sodium Hypochlorite Conversion (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
- Capital Project Ordinance Amendment - WFER Dam Repairs (2026-07-01) · June 8 adoption recorded in minutes and corroborated later; no proof of current cash, issued borrowing or signed purchase contract
Additional agreement checks, approved versus executed status, and remaining transaction evidence are in the downloadable record review. Current obligations must be confirmed from the controlling documents.
What does a fund-balance policy measure?
The supplied policy workbook calculates a balance-to-spending ratio. Its General Fund balance includes unassigned funds, next-year appropriation and encumbrances, rather than total audited fund balance. This is not a cash-availability calculation.
The audit reports $15,323,216 available for appropriation at June 30, 2025. That dated classification is not a finding of free cash today. The recovered 36 fund-year policy calculations and audit classifications are included in the source download.
Where did the General Fund surplus go? → · Download histories and source checks →
How many utility accounts are served?
An account is not necessarily one household. The figures below are June 30 active-account snapshots and separately reported fiscal-year billed gallons. They do not establish average billed accounts or cost per household.
| Fiscal year | Water accounts at year end | Sewer accounts at year end | Billed water gallons |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | 6,410 | 4,641 | 342,670,138 |
| FY2019 | 6,133 | 4,434 | 351,374,703 |
| FY2020 | 6,399 | 4,708 | 351,470,479 |
These operating disclosures are not an audit assurance conclusion. The FY2018–FY2019 account decline is reported, but its cause and counting-method comparability are not established. Sewer bills use water consumption; separate sewer billable volumes and adjustments have not been verified.
Calendar 2025: a separate operating snapshot
The Local Water Supply Plan reports 6,867 metered water connections and 5,008 sewer connections. These calendar-year connections are not interchangeable with fiscal-year active billing accounts.
The plan’s two non-metered entries represent leak/firefighting estimates, not two extra ordinary customers. State DWR does not field verify these submitted figures. Do not use them as FY2025 spending denominators without matching period and definitions.
Definitions, missing years and sources
Exact matched FY2021–FY2026 billing totals, average billed accounts/account-months and adjusted sewer volumes remain to be established. Approximate narrative customer counts are not substituted. Stormwater billed properties or equivalent impervious-area units also require their own definitions.
The FY2020 statistical schedule repeats an earlier revenue value for FY2019–FY2020. The billed-volume observations are retained, but the repeated revenue and derived average-rate row are not used as independent revenue controls.
- FY2018 · Active customer accounts · water: CAFR_Issued_TOH_FY2018.pdf · printed 147 / PDF 167
- FY2018 · Active customer accounts · sewer: CAFR_Issued_TOH_FY2018.pdf · printed 150 / PDF 170
- FY2018 · Billed water gallons · water: CAFR_Issued_TOH_FY2018.pdf · printed 124, 125 / PDF 144, 145
- FY2019 · Active customer accounts · water: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf · printed 147 / PDF 167
- FY2019 · Active customer accounts · sewer: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf · printed 149 / PDF 169
- FY2019 · Billed water gallons · water: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2019.pdf · printed 124, 125 / PDF 144, 145
- FY2020 · Active customer accounts · water: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf · printed 140 / PDF 157
- FY2020 · Active customer accounts · sewer: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf · printed 143 / PDF 160
- FY2020 · Billed water gallons · water: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Year Ended June 30, 2020.pdf · printed 120, 121 / PDF 137, 138
- Calendar 2025: Hillsborough-Board-Meeting-Packet-2026-09-14.pdf · printed — / PDF 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
What is verified, and what still needs records?
← Reference← Sources & Workpapers
Verified annual histories are usable now. Remaining questions are specific account mappings, current commitments, availability, billing definitions and source-version differences.
Verified public history tables
View the evidence coverage
| Topic | Current status | Verified progress |
|---|---|---|
| Budget editions | Town detail needed | Aggregate recommendation-to-workbook differences and intermediate cost-type bridge complete: expenses (4,059)/(6,104)/(6,026) in FY27/28/29; personnel component (6,459) each year. June 8 adoption and later consent record are located. |
| GF revenue and balance history | Resolved for annual revenue history | All FY18–25 audited GF revenue, major categories, financing and balance controls normalized. Separate consolidated reporting GF is continuous across FY21; original legally budgeted GF preserves restricted-fund scope break. Sales tax category transition normalized. The consolidated reporting General Fund balance bridge from June 2018 $7,445,095 to June 2025 $17,636,083 reconciles the $10,190,988 increase with zero residual, including financing and transfers; it is not a current available-cash calculation. |
| Utility revenues and multi-year money map | Resolved for annual revenue history | All FY18–25 audited W&S and Stormwater revenue, major categories, financing and results normalized; 24 fund-year budgetary records. Early W&S Other includes development fees; unreported fine splits remain null. |
| FY25 spending funding bridge | Resolved audit view with explicit source bridge | FY25 audit-consistent GF gross expenditure 17,248,390 = net 14,109,365 + reimbursement 3,139,025. Saved plan 17,123,967 is 124,423 lower; preserve 124,425 reciprocal bridge plus 2 source difference. |
| Intergovernmental difference | Town account map needed | Intergovernmental plan −audit (74,019) is offset by fees +31,504 and Other +42,517, net+2. This is category membership, not missing receipt revenue. |
| Other revenue and recurrence | Town account assumptions needed | Published revenue categories and every verified historical total retained; policy ratios and total balances do not establish receipt recurrence. |
| Incoming future transfers | Town transfer detail needed | GF incoming plan totals known: FY26 1,215,845; FY27 720,500; FY28 660,500; FY29 610,500. FY27 vehicle set-aside source 420,000 identified at planning level. |
| Reserve project balance histories | Historical audit schedules completed; current transaction links remain | The original nine FY2025 bridges and historical GCR/Committed/WS reserve work are preserved. A further 39 utility project/development-reserve annual schedules and 20 targeted governmental annual fund controls are normalized; every annual result/balance equation checks. FY2020 legacy WS capital balance 1,914,156 splits exactly into FY2021 CIF1,178,685 and reservoir 735,471. |
| FY25 returns and origins | Partial resolution; transaction links needed | Four FY25 returns total 1,707,759. Solid Waste FY24 contribution 145,000 and FY25 add 335,000/return 227,269/close 252,731 verified. Police station return 50,000 and NC86 financing context retained. NC86 FY25 borrowing 3,535,000, GF contribution 29,000, project expenditure 265,395 and GF return 1,200,668 are explicitly located. All GF returns:1,200,668+229,822+277,269=1,707,759. Fire contributionsFY22–25 total 750,000 and RidgewalkFY24–25 total 458,003, with zero expenditure in those audit project rows. |
| FY26 opening and balance editions | Defined workbook basis recovered | FY25 workbook 16,477,778.46 =15,323,216 unassigned +207,819 next-year appropriation +946,743.46 encumbrances. FY26 implied draw 744,667.46 differs by 3,999.54 from recommended 748,667. |
| Available fund balance | Historical policy calculation recovered; current availability open | All 36 supplied fund-year ratios recalculated. GF denominator includes net expenditure plus outward transfers; numerator is workbook subtotal. FY29 GF54.1722%. FY25 audit classifies 17,636,083 consolidated GF and identifies 15,323,216 available for appropriation atJune 30,2025. FY26 adopted policy 33–75%, FY27 source 33–100%; history preserved. |
| Consolidated Town total | Held gross/net flow bridge completed; final consolidation qualified | All eight GF reimbursement totals and 63 original departmental credits are normalized:1,647,566; 2,067,306; 1,521,250; 1,746,899; 2,141,139; 2,406,800; 2,631,555; 3,139,025. Both budgetary and reporting GF gross/net bridges reconcile. Named project/source histories are normalized. FY2021 Safety 334,146 later splits 79,464 Safety+254,682 IT without changing total. |
| Police records integration | Town personnel account scope needed | Police FY18–21 andFY23–24 aggregate ties; FY25 capital 99,397 matched. FY26 is an estimate; early totals include post-employment costs. FY25 discrepancy localized 108,073.01 pay +47,186.96 benefits +5,317.65 post-employment −2 printed control =160,575.62. FY22 (70,321.90); FY26 +2,142.32; forward (6,459) retained. |
| Staffing editions and labels | Staffing edition mostly resolved; narrow source corrections needed | 1,167 observations/47 source snapshots checked. FY26 adopted 117.95 matches 21 departments; alternative 118.95 includes extra Stormwater operator. MidFY25 three-FTE Engineering move is documented, no net Town hiring. FY27 recommended 118.80 matches 21 departments. |
| Filled staffing and payroll drivers | Answered availability limitation; optional detail | Town says no position control/complete vacancy series and detailed FY18–21 personnel unavailable after conversion. FY18/FY19 audits contain explicitly filledJune 30 observations. FY24 Police adds two patrol officers and social worker; two-year grant explanation received. |
| Historical category cost splits | Qualified historical classifications; narrow detail needed | Audited fund/departments controls and known source-edition reclassifications retained. FY20 debt 967,363 original versus 885,052 later comparative reflects 82,311 motor-pool reclassification; FY25 GF capital Powell Bill 572,050 bridge located. |
| Operating increase explanations | Town contract and account detail needed | IT and Safety/Risk account for 769,355 of FY25–29 operating increase 905,950. Special Appropriations Miscellaneous increases 290,000 inFY29. Published account totals alone do not prove cause. |
| Current Fire agreements | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The fully signed 2021 Town–County fire-inspection base agreement is held from the February 17, 2025 County packet, PDF7–14. It establishes July 1, 2021 service commencement, payment/annual adjustment mechanisms, the initial term ending June 30, 2026 and automatic five-year renewals subject to notices. The base FY2021–2022 compensation was $134,452, including $75,952 employee/recurring costs and $58,500 vehicle/equipment. Vehicle replacement contributions are separate. The February 2025 packet reports $89,200 plus retained fees; this is not a certified FY2027 fee. The historical November 1996 ORFD contract is already available and must not be treated as proof of all current terms. Known Town Fire funding and the North Churton plan are supported; current headquarters operating/ownership responsibilities remain unresolved. |
| Housing funding and spending | Funding history resolved; payment account map needed | Housing scheduleFY18–29 received. FY25 reserve 114,309 and mapped partnership lines retained. FY26 plan 250,000 current funding +126,174 reserve use =376,174. Auman 400,000 and Cedar 300,000 commitments already known. |
| Early utilities shared split | Supported combined workaround; optional archive split | FY18/FY19 combined reimbursements 1,647,566 /2,067,306 support combined utility view. Town says recipient reports startFY20 after conversion. |
| Later shared allocations | Methodology mapped; narrow posting/version evidence needed | FY29 GF eleven credits sum 4,139,001; WS3,872,548/SW266,453. HR470 of 484 mismatch localized; Fleet formula reproduced. Facilities debt 200,172 eligible arithmetic identified. PublicSpace 13,764 known; FY26 ledger 12,617 differs 1,147. |
| Utility historical accounting bridges | Town historical object-account bridge needed | Residual 197,923.21 localized to FY20–25 Engineering other services growth 1,637,933 less exact allocation growth 1,440,007.79 less 2 control. It is not classified direct recurring growth. FY25 personnel 8,435 difference localizedCollection 8,436 and administration−1; training 8,437 is only a lead. FY2018 debt source review completed: interest matches at $445,510; the entire $16,008 comparison is principal, $3,365,508 in Schedule 12 versus $3,349,500 in Exhibit 8 and the debt rollforward. Refunding-loss/premium amortization is only a possible lead, not an established explanation. |
| Tariff and rate history | Most rates verified; two narrow historical sources remain | FY25 adopted tariff recovered with exact outside water minimum 44.97; FY23–24 exact minima; FY21 official current snapshot; FY22 inside rates/minimum gallons partial. CurrentFY27 and publishedFY28–29 7.5% plan verified. Approved archive minutes establish budget adoption June 29,2020 for FY2021 and June 28,2021 for FY2022; the latter explicitly reduces minimum gallons by 125. Signed ordinances and full minutes inspected. June 2021 agenda reviewed; exact final full tariff is still absent. |
| Utility customers and consumption | Held denominator inventory completed; matched FY21–26 billing detail needed | Exact FY2018–FY2020 active water/sewer accounts and billed-water class/location splits are normalized; FY2020 adds 6,399 water accounts,4,708 sewer accounts and 351,470,479 gallons. Separate CY2025 LWSP reports 6,867 metered connections,5,008 sewer connections and detailed use/discharge. Recent audit approximate 6,500-customer text is not treated as exact annual data. |
| Annual capital debt attribution | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | FY2018–FY2029 annual main-fund controls and exact FY2027–FY2029 forward loan attribution are held. No unexplained forward debt remainder requires another schedule. FY2025 GF capital is $972,395 under audit classification and $400,345 under the preserved plan; $572,050 is Powell Bill roadwork classification. GF main-fund debt is $346,942. W&S main-fund capital is $353,939 and debt $1,685,316; separately reported project activity must remain separate. Audit debt notes identify remaining issued loans, terms, purposes and balances. North Campus allocation is explicitly 83.65% governmental / 16.35% business-type activities. The Waterstone/South Zone tank loan is interest-free. The FY2025 audit debt-maturity table prints FY2030 governmental interest of $1,142,543; that is an unvalidated source anomaly, not a corrected projection. |
| WS forward capital mapping | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Held request forms and account totals were rechecked. Capital controls for FY2027–FY2029 are $996,240 / $95,000 / $200,000. Explicit project links are $520,000 / $0 / $155,000; candidate links are $436,240 / $95,000 / $45,000; the remaining FY2027 $40,000 is unresolved. Explicit links: FY2027 SCADA $300,000; jetter capital $220,000 plus separate $2,010 tax/tags; FY2029 excavator $155,000. Other forms identify departments but omit object-account links. WWTP forms total $157,240: step screen $64,540, pump rebuild $82,000 and spare motor $10,700. Its capital-equipment account is $197,240. The older FY2026 plan included $40,000 for the FY2027 pump rebuild, but its current treatment is not established. Library title/content checks located existing plans and analytical workpapers but no additional native request-to-account export. The current public full adopted account export was not located in the checked official sources. |
| Historical fleet assets | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Verified Police matches remain closed: ten FY2018 cars $436,966.75; FY2020 asset 274 $44,069.01; FY2025 assets 1444/1445 $93,347.98 plus $6,049 software, totaling $99,397 after rounding. The Police extract contains original costs and acquisition dates. The FY2018 master list supplies unit/condition information, not complete payment or disposal history. The supplied reserve plan and 2017 loan schedule should not be requested again. |
| Chantal assets and recoveries | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The repeated $258,369 is part of a larger source issue: recommended-budget PDF249 labelled GF repeats the entire W&S detail on PDF266, including FY2026 operating $488,353 and capital $1,308,603, totaling $1,796,956. Independent summaries distinguish the funds: GF PDF35 shows $382,685 operating plus $2,131,931 capital = $2,514,616; W&S PDF109 agrees to the repeated detail. This localizes the mismatch to source/report mapping, without proving its cause. The public July 16, 2025 packet already supplies initial damaged GF assets, replacement estimates and insurance scenarios. It identifies brush trucks 253 and 279 separately at $232,000 estimated replacement cost each. Potential insurance of $1,192,260 is not a receipt. |
| Project history and commitments | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The 35-project CIP, nine FY2025 project/reserve rollforwards and selected historical completed-project examples are already held. Audit PDF63 / printed 42 supplies estimated remaining construction commitments as of June 30, 2025: TIP $10,091,105; NC86 $4,286,592; Fire $750,000; Fiber $450,000; Other $651,262; W&S $21,733,386. Total is $37,962,345. These are audit-labelled estimates, not verified signed-contract balances. June 8 minutes record 3–0 adoption of the budget and associated capital ordinances; later August 10 draft minutes record approval of the June 8 minutes. Individual project ordinances are now held. The Town already explained that its new project-accounting reports were not available on September 4. Rail’s base agreement effective date is supported as February 23, 2021; Amendment 1 adoption May 8, 2023 and NCDOT authorization June 2023 are documented. The public amendment copy is unsigned, so final execution/current changes remain separate. |
| CIP edition and unnamed funding | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The received planning edition is preserved: 35 entries; FY2027–FY2033 scheduled spending $76,550,070; GF $29,552,050, W&S $46,212,010, Stormwater $786,010; proposed borrowing $52,182,086. Blank funding labels are isolated to ladder, parks, garbage, rail and sodium pages. Recommended-budget PDF212 explicitly identifies sodium’s $350,000 as Water System Development Fees; the other four remain blank. Public FY2027 capital ordinances establish selected project authority, but do not certify the whole received CIP as the latest approved edition or adopt every later-year plan. Garbage narratives already name committed vehicle funds; engine and leaf funding detail is already coded. |
| Elizabeth Brady fund classification | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The W&S summary excess of $195,000 current and $75,000 / $50,000 / $50,000 in FY2027–FY2029 matches the culvert’s named Stormwater transfers numerically; the native classification remains unverified. June 8 project authority increases the culvert from $195,000 by $75,000 to $270,000. The ordinance does not supply source-fund codes or correct CIP grouping. |
| Dam estimate difference | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The $54,520 discrepancy remains between $2,745,480 detailed FY2027 spending and $2,800,000 summary/funding. June 8 authorizes a $2,800,000 addition to the $115,840 existing dam budget, resulting in $2,915,840 authority. It does not identify the missing component or executed repair price. |
| Water plant electrical scope | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Electrical-upgrade narrative approximately $750,000 versus FY2030 table $100,000 remains unresolved. Separate FY2027 evaluation $45,000 and MCC request $35,000 are already identified; they do not prove coverage of the $650,000 difference. |
| Chemical project funding impacts | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The $350,000 label is closed from recommended-budget PDF212: Water System Development Fees. The received CIP lost this label. June 8 applies $161,147 of closed-out project balances, raising $454,453 to $615,600. BA0000419 links Fund 69 revenue 69-47-3870-3870522 and construction 69-00-8100-5700720; it is budget movement, not receipt evidence. The FY2027 ordinance then adds $1,350,000 to produce $1,965,600 authority. The Town’s December 5, 2025 announcement identifies $1 million federal assistance; award conditions and actual receipt still require evidence. Stated chemical increases less compliance savings imply $15,800–$25,800 annual net increase for those two items only, not an automatic new operating adjustment. |
| Fire vehicle finance conflicts | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | The held ladder forecast is $2,430,000, 5%, five years, with $561,269 payments in FY2033–FY2037. The GF summary independently agrees to that borrowing allocation. The possible $195,000 reserve and $2,010 operating remainder is still inference; the narrative says $2 million and the project funding split is blank. Engine detail uses $1.3 million committed funds plus $2,010 operating in FY2030, while the narrative says $800,000 debt. There is no separate engine loan in the supplied workbook. Fire vehicle contributions are known but not available-balance proof. |
| Loan project assignments | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Eno East’s forecast $3.12 million loan, 5%, ten years, and $404,054 FY2030–FY2039 payments are explicit. Its $2.08 million fees plus $3.12 million debt table conflicts with the $5.2 million revolving-loan narrative. The June 8 Eno East ordinance adds $2.08 million to $750,000, producing $2.83 million project authority; this is not fully secured construction funding. Hasell’s $5.24 million FY2031 loan, 5%, ten years, with $678,604 payments in FY2032–FY2041 is explicit in the held workbook; the cash/fees/transfers narrative is incomplete or conflicting. Audit PDF78 identifies the August 2014 Truist land loan: $615,368 original principal, 2.88%, 30 semiannual $20,512 principal payments, maturity August 2029, balance $184,610 at June 2025. The workbook names 604/618 N. Churton; official plans identify that location as the Fire HQ site. Allocation of the whole municipal land purchase into current Fire project scope remains unverified. |
| Dates and commissioning | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Received-source conflicts remain for rail/Ridgewalk, Cates Creek, flocculator compliance/construction and vehicle order versus delivery. The September 2026 NCDOT workbook establishes U-5845 South Churton construction in FY2034 and ROW/utilities in FY2030. This supersedes older draft state schedule descriptions, while the Town’s $100,000 FY2033 allowance may precede construction. P-5701’s aggregate Under Construction label and P-5701 A’s old first-construction year do not establish station-building opening. The relevant project phase and responsible owner must be matched. Rail original 84-month completion clause derives February 23, 2028 from supported February 23, 2021 effective date, conditional on no later extension. Amendment 1 does not change that clause. Repayment is not an automatic blanket consequence at seven years; notice/cure and other conditions apply. |
| Developer funding and payer | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Cates planned sources are already known: $1,708,498 developer funding, $1,478,964 assessments, $812,538 W&S transfers and $4.4 million borrowing, totaling $8.4 million. Those are not receipt or imposed-assessment evidence. The public agreements review supplies later Altera approval and contribution exhibits, superseding reliance on the June 2025 blank draft; final execution and actual payment remain separate questions. June 8 authority of $2.9 million for Cates and $1.8 million for Elizabeth Brady pump does not establish ultimate payer allocation or lifetime secured funding. Cates Creek’s $120,000 design appropriation was adopted April 13, 2026, 4–0, increasing $75,000 to $195,000 under signed ordinance 20260413-5.H. Original payer/receipt remains open. Altera development agreement approval is September 8, 2025, 5–0, with amendments; minutes approved October 13. Its complete approval draft and engineer exhibit show $1,828,497.50 total = $120,000 design + $1,708,497.50 construction. CIP $1,708,498 is a supported rounded draft match, not a verified receipt or final executed obligation. The approval includes a 125% payment-in-lieu amendment whose scope cannot safely be applied to sewer contribution without final text. Do not multiply the sewer number by 125%. Altera utility extension approval August 24, 2026, 3–0, is verified by minutes approved September 14. Counterparty Meadowlands Apartments LLC; Appendix A: 301 units and 35,700 gpd. Posted contract is developer-signed with Town signature/preaudit/date blank. |
| Lifetime station operating costs | Verified subcomponents; targeted Town records remain | Fire $15,000 utilities and rail $30,000 building maintenance plus $2,500 utilities are already included in the operating base. Rail $2,500 grounds is a numerical match only and must not be added again. The combined $50,000 is partial scope, not a full lifetime operating budget. The excluded $600,000 solar/EV reference overlaps the broader $1 million green scope and is not additive. Original rail agreement §10 assigns maintenance/liability to Town; this establishes base responsibility, not complete maintenance price, partner operating agreements or current full-life costs. |
| PostFY29 recurring operating base | Conditional scenario work, not missing Town forecast | FY29 operating base/contingency treatment and separate installation/service decisions retained. Known finite items must not recur mechanically. |
| Future fleet replacement cycles | Optional fleet scenario | Seven-year/3% illustration is a Town Ledger scenario, not a Town-funded replacement commitment. Existing vehicles/loan examples preserved. |
| PostFY29 complete funding balances | Conditional future funding scenario | Approved tax-growth/flat-receipt assumptions remain Town Ledger choices; official plan horizon isFY29. Supplied policy ratio history now recovered. |
| Who Pays and County extension | Separate County scope | County TAX01–05 request and source-access response belong to the distinct County work; no substantive answer inferred. |
| Peer utilities and headline baseline | Own baseline resolved; peers optional | AuditedFY25 own-fund baseline and historical revenues complete. Peer like-for-like tariffs/service scope remain separate research. |
The available evidence establishes these results; missing detail is not assumed to be zero.
How does capital spending fit together?
← Reference← Capital & Projects
Read each stage separately: buying an asset, funding it, repaying a loan and running the service. The same project can appear at several stages.
Asset or project spendingPaid with transfers, reserves, fees, grants or borrowingLater loan payments + running costs
Loan principal repays money already borrowed for the project. Adding it to construction would count that financed purchase twice. Interest and running costs are separate ongoing costs.
What each view includes
- Annual purchases: the main operating fund’s capital classification. Separately scheduled project funds, transfers and debt payments are excluded.
- Projects across years: a single verified historical fund schedule or a future CIP project. Historical coverage is partial; missing years are unavailable, not zero.
- What changed: the same six fiscal years, FY2027–2032, in the FY2026 adopted and FY2027 recommended/supplied plans. A smaller amount in this window can mean construction moved beyond it.
Running costs already in the plan
The $76,550,070 FY2027–2033 schedule includes $254,000 of explicitly listed running costs: fire-station utilities $15,000 and rail maintenance/utilities $35,000 a year in FY2029–2033, plus JetVac fuel $1,000 a year in FY2030–2033. Excluding these leaves $76,296,070 of project outlays. These are planning categories; complete staffing, maintenance and lifecycle costs are not established.
Named vehicle and play-equipment replacements are identified from project descriptions. This is a selected replacement subset, not a complete recurring replacement allowance. One-time events such as Chantal recovery are tags on existing spending, not another amount to add.
Construction and payments can peak in different years
Fire station: construction and annual funding happen at different times
Project outlays: FY2027 $300,000, FY2028 $8,650,000.
Funding: FY2027 $300,000 from the General Fund and $0 proposed borrowing, FY2028 $300,000 from the General Fund and $8,350,000 proposed borrowing.
Modeled loan payments: $670,026 a year, FY2029–FY2048.
Known running costs: $15,000 a year, FY2029–FY2033; Utilities only; full staffing and maintenance cost not established.
Ridgewalk South: design, construction, and repayment
Project outlays: FY2030 $800,000, FY2032 $6,000,000.
Funding: FY2030 $800,000 from the General Fund and $0 proposed borrowing, FY2032 $0 from the General Fund and $6,000,000 proposed borrowing.
Modeled loan payments: $777,027 a year, FY2033–FY2042.
Known running costs: Not separately established.
See the listed loan schedule through FY2048 →
Source classifications and plan editions
Original audit values and preserved service-cost values
FY2020 General Fund: the original audit classifies $319,754 as capital; the preserved annual-impact series uses $389,178, a $69,424 difference. The later comparative moves $82,311 of Motor Pool debt service into capital and reduces Police capital by $12,887. This is a source-classification bridge, not a newly established purchase.
FY2022 General Fund: original audit capital is $1,082,291; the next audit’s comparative is $1,175,037. The $92,746 difference is a Streets/Powell Bill expense-to-capital re-presentation.
FY2025 General Fund: the original audit reports $972,395 of capital; the plan-classified series has $400,345. The $572,050 difference is Powell Bill roadwork, shown as operations in the plan and capital in the audit.
Edition checks
- Fiscal Year 2025 Budget Message.pdf · 2024-05-13. Recommended/proposed budget message; not adopted evidence Partial predecessor context only. P16 lists deferred/eliminated projects, some with cost estimates; not a complete comparable annual envelope. Duplicate Library record [preserved source record] has same filename and byte size; not treated as an independent edition.
- FY26 Recommended Budget and Financial Plan(2).pdf · 2025-05-12. Recommended; message expressly says recommended and draft ordinance has blank adoption day/votes Other Library uploads (base title and (1)) have identical byte sizes; filename suffix/upload date alone does not establish a distinct plan revision.
- FY26 Budget and Financial Plan Adopted.pdf · 2025-06-09. Adopted FY26 budget book: message says June 9, 2025 (Adopted); ordinance records adopted June 9 with 4 ayes, 0 noes, 1 absent. Outyears remain plans, not appropriations A second Library copy [preserved source record] has same size. Recommended-to-adopted expenditure change located is Exchange Club $1.1M moved FY26 to FY29; GF and SW summary expenditure cells unchanged.
- FY26 Budget Overview to Town Board May 12 - PDF (Hillsborough).pdf · 2025-05-12. Presentation to Mayor and Board, not separate adopted CIP Supporting summary only; do not count it as another full CIP edition.
- FY27 Budget and Financial Plan Recommended.pdf · 2026-05-11. Manager-recommended budget; draft ordinance blank adoption date/votes Local staffing_sources/FY27 Budget and Financial Plan Recommended(4).pdf is byte-identical by SHA256. Library (1), (2), (3), (4) versions have same size but are not independently presumed identical unless hashed. Do not treat filename suffixes or upload dates as new editions.
- CIP - FY27.pdf · None. Staff-supplied planning extract; specific edition/adoption date not established All project expenditure schedules match May 11 recommended budget. Funding summary classifications differ, including apparent cross-fund culvert misclassification; some labels/order differ. Project-level balance schedules were not available in the source set. No new expenditure envelope established by receipt.
Download capital histories, plan comparisons and source checks →
Reference
Choose the question you want answered.
From your input to action
See how we aim to bring informed priorities into Town budget conversations and follow documented responses and decisions. This is our intended process, not a report of existing results or Town endorsement.
From your input to action →Quick explanations
How does the Town develop its budget?The usual timeline, early planning, and ways to learn or give input.Which rates apply?Adopted tax, water, sewer and stormwater rates.How is my bill calculated?Your inputs, minimum charges and exact calculation.What do the terms mean?Short definitions for the terms used on the site.
Methods & assumptions
How does the 2039 example work?The same-share tax method, historical tariff growth and future bill components.How does one home compare over time?Recorded Town taxes, annualized utilities and the conditional FY2039 total.How were the spending growth rates calculated?FY2018 and FY2025 amounts, seven-year calculation and sources.Where do the utility-rate growth assumptions come from?Historical rates, growth intervals and source checks.What does the period total mean?The additional-tax total across FY2026–FY2039.Where did the General Fund surplus go?A matched revenue/spending comparison and balance bridge.How does capital spending fit together?Purchases, projects, running costs and changes between plans.What has been spent or set aside?Audited project funding, spending, reserves and approval evidence.How many utility accounts are served?Account counts, billed water and their definitions.How do the revenue figures compare?Audited history, reporting scope, plan differences and sources.What happens next?Funding through FY2039, listed loan payments through FY2048 and assumptions.
Sources & Workpapers
Original records and detailed reconciliations, organized by topic.
Open Sources & Workpapers →How the Town develops its budget
Learn early, follow the discussion, and use the Town’s announced opportunities for input.
← Reference · Return to your budget priorities →
Official sources checked October 9, 2026. This is a general sequence, not an announced FY2028 meeting calendar.
The usual sequence
- November · staff proposals. Departments start preparing the next fiscal year’s budget.
- January–March · direction and priorities. The mayor, commissioners and key staff use winter budget-retreat discussions to guide the work.
- May · recommended budget and hearing. The manager presents a proposed budget; a public hearing later in May is the announced opportunity to comment on that proposal.
- July 1 · new fiscal year. The budget year begins.
Specific FY2028 retreat, workshop and hearing dates were not announced in the sources checked. Use the Town’s Budget and Finances page ↗ for the current budget and process.
What happens before the hearing?
Early capital and operating requests. On February 9, 2026, the Board reviewed capital-improvement and operating-budget requests during early FY2027 planning. This was an early Board review, not the budget public hearing. February 9 meeting summary ↗
Community priorities. The community survey announced August 28, 2026 included questions for the next strategic plan. The Town identified that plan’s period as FY2028–FY2030. It informs priorities for resources, capital, budgeting and staffing; it is not a budget vote. Check the Town’s current notice for availability; this review does not claim the survey is still open. Survey announcement ↗ · Strategic-plan update ↗
Learn, observe or give input
- Learn: Government 101 covers Town operations and decision-making. The 2026 course was scheduled for September 10–October 22, plus an October 3 session; the announced registration deadline was August 28. Check the Town’s current notices for future courses and opportunities to express interest. 2026 Government 101 notice ↗
- Observe: Read agenda packets and follow public Board meetings and budget discussions. Attending a retreat or work session does not by itself provide a public-comment opportunity.
- Give input: Use the announced budget hearing, Town surveys while open, and regular-meeting public comment under the agenda and applicable rules. Do not assume every work session takes public comment. Check the 2026 Board meeting schedule ↗ and the relevant meeting notice.
Which rates apply?
Adopted tax, water, sewer and stormwater rates.
Residential estimate · adopted FY2027 rates effective July 1, 2026. Town property tax is $0.513 per $100 of taxable value; residential Stormwater is $120 a year inside Town limits. Use the taxable value after any applicable exclusions.
| Water & sanitary sewer · monthly rates | Inside Town | Outside Town |
|---|---|---|
| Drinking water · per 1,000 gallons | $13.32 | $25.97 |
| Sanitary sewer · per 1,000 gallons | $18.75 | $36.56 |
| Minimum water · up to 2,000 gallons | $26.64 | $51.94 |
| Minimum sanitary sewer · up to 2,000 gallons | $37.50 | $73.12 |
Stormwater: $120 a year for a residential property inside Town limits, regardless of water use. Sanitary sewer treats household wastewater; Stormwater covers rain runoff.
How is my bill calculated?
Your inputs, minimum charges and exact calculation.
Property tax+Water & Sewer+Stormwater=Annual Town bill
The minimum includes the first 2,000 gallons.
Monthly water: — · monthly sanitary sewer: —. Annual utility cost assumes the entered use repeats for 12 months. The monthly total is an annual-cost equivalent, not the tax billing schedule. This estimate excludes special adjustments, penalties, connection charges and other providers' bills.
A Hillsborough mailing address does not establish Town tax liability. Confirm your Town limits and utility provider from your bills.
Sources
FY2027 rates checked against Town publications September 24, 2026. Live Town pages open separately; this saved estimate does not automatically update when rates change.
Estimated annual Town costs
Your home. Your water use. Your estimate.
Hillsborough Town charges only. Orange County taxes are not included.
An independent citizen project. Your entries stay in this page; they are not sent to the Town.
What do the terms mean?
Short definitions for the terms used on the site.
- Taxable home value
- The value used on your property-tax bill, after applicable exclusions.
- Water & Sewer
- Drinking water and wastewater services. The calculation uses only the services you selected.
- Stormwater
- Rain runoff and drainage services, billed separately from sewer.
- Actual, estimate and plan
- Actual figures describe a completed year. Estimates and plans describe expected or proposed amounts; they are not automatically adopted rates.
- 2039 scenario
- A what-if example using stated assumptions. Its future prices and tax allocation are separate from the adopted rates above.
- Funding
- Revenue and other money available for the year, including transfers in. A table may show utility reimbursements as funding or deduct them from spending; never count them twice.
- Spending & set-asides
- Personnel, Operations, Capital and Debt payments, plus money transferred out for projects and reserves. Loan payments include principal and interest.
- Project transfers & reserve set-asides
- Money moved out of the General Fund for a project or later use. It increases what must be funded now, even if the purchase happens later.
- Transfers in
- Money received from another fund. It adds to funding, not spending. A transfer is not automatically a withdrawal from reserves.
- Surplus or funding gap
- Funding minus Spending & set-asides. A positive result is a surplus; a negative result is a gap. The outlook shows this before any additional use of savings.
How does one home compare over time?
This is an actual Hillsborough home, shown anonymously. Its recorded Town property-tax bills are $3,785.10 for tax year 2018 and $4,276.88 for tax year 2025. We add in-town water, sewer and residential stormwater at a fixed 4,000 gallons a month in all three years. County taxes are excluded.
The recorded taxable values are $610,500 in 2018 and $833,700 in 2025. The example uses the same property throughout; it does not rescale those historical bills to match a reader’s home value. This fixed $833,700 example is independent of the editable calculator, which starts with a $400,000 example. Changing that calculator does not change these historical bills or this fixed illustration.
One Hillsborough home over time
Town property tax + water, sewer & stormwater
4,000 gallons a month · County taxes excluded.
Recorded Town tax bills plus annualized utility tariffs for a home valued at about $834,000 in 2025. The 2039 amount is an illustration.
2018 · Historical example$4,909Recorded tax + annualized utilities
2025 · Historical example$5,814
2039 · Illustration
Fixed example, independent of the editable calculator. The same cost categories and 4,000 gallons a month in all three years. Sources and calculations follow below.
2039 assumes: after FY2029, personnel costs grow 7.30%, Orange Rural Fire grows 5%, and other eligible operating costs grow 8.92% a year; sales-tax revenue stays flat at $3.408m; this home keeps its share based on FY2026 estimated Town tax revenue; property taxes cover the remaining General Fund gap. Utility rates follow the existing historical-growth illustration. This is an illustration, not an adopted bill.
Annual costs on the same scope
| Annual component | 2018 | 2025 | 2039 illustration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Town property tax | $3,785.10 | $4,276.88 | |
| Water | $423.36 | $594.72 | |
| Sewer | $625.92 | $837.12 | |
| Stormwater | $75.00 | $105.00 | |
| Total | $4,909.38 | $5,813.72 |
Historical utilities are annualized tariff examples, not actual household payments. The 2018 column uses rates effective July 1, 2018 (FY2019): water $8.82 and sewer $13.04 per 1,000 gallons, with a 2,500-gallon minimum. At 4,000 gallons, annual water = 4 × $8.82 × 12 and sewer = 4 × $13.04 × 12. The 2025 column uses rates effective July 1, 2025 (FY2026): water $12.39 and sewer $17.44 per 1,000 gallons, with a 2,000-gallon minimum. Annual water = 4 × $12.39 × 12 and sewer = 4 × $17.44 × 12. The residential stormwater fees are $75 and $105 a year, respectively. These July tariff snapshots are not literal calendar-year utility totals.
What does the 2039 figure mean?
For the $833,700 home and fixed usage, the current illustration calculates in annual Town property tax, water, sewer and stormwater in FY2039, displayed as about $15,200. The tax component includes the model’s baseline tax growth plus this household’s share of the remaining annual General Fund gap. It is a conditional illustration, not an adopted bill or a prediction of this property’s future assessment.
Matched starting period. The 2025 recorded tax bill falls in FY2026. The illustration uses the 2025 Town tax basis ($0.513 per $100) and FY2026 estimated Town property-tax revenue of $12,319,376. The resulting 0.0347167% share is held fixed for this illustration; it is not proof that the household kept that share historically. The estimate includes current and prior collections, so this is a funding-allocation proxy, not an exact share of the taxable base. FY2026 estimate source · printed p.20 / PDF p.21 →
Utility projection: for each service, annual charge = 12 × (projected monthly minimum + gallons above the projected minimum ÷ 1,000 × projected unit rate). The illustration uses the existing full-precision FY2039 in-town tariffs and residential stormwater fee. The utility growth calibration remains FY2018–FY2027; using July 2018/FY2019 tariffs for this historical example does not change that calibration. Utility-rate assumptions and sources →
Percentage changes use unrounded amounts: (later amount ÷ earlier amount − 1) × 100%. The 2018–2025 comparison spans seven years; 2025–2039 spans fourteen years. Total growth = (later ÷ earlier − 1) × 100%; annualized growth = ((later ÷ earlier)^(1 ÷ years) − 1) × 100%. The compact comparison uses Town property tax only, with the recorded $4,276.88 bill as its 2025 comparison point; the projection still uses the unrounded $4,276.881 starting calculation. Annualized growth is a compound equivalent rate, not the change in every individual year. The historical and future periods have different lengths. Summary dollars and percentages are rounded; the full component table retains cents. Totals use full-precision components before rounding, so displayed component cents may differ from the displayed total by a cent. Combined-cost increases are
This illustration holds sales-tax revenue flat and the household’s share of Town taxes constant. Future development and sales-tax growth could help close the funding gap and reduce the burden on existing taxpayers. How much and when remain uncertain.
How the household projection works →
Sources
- July 2018 / FY2019 water and sewer rates · FY2020 audit Table 12, printed p.122 / PDF p.139
- $75 residential stormwater fee · FY2023 schedule, PDF p.125; Town statement that fees had not changed since FY2017
- FY2026 budget summary · July 2025 water, sewer and $105 stormwater; official current and prior utility tariffs
The historical tax amounts and taxable values were verified against Orange County public records. Direct property links and identifying details are omitted to protect the homeowner’s privacy.
What funded the spending increase?
This bridge explains the Town property-tax portion, not the combined utility bill.
These are changes in annual amounts between FY2018 and FY2025, not cumulative collections or spending over seven years. The comparison uses the audited reporting General Fund, including Restricted Revenues, consistently in both years.
| Property-tax revenue growth | $3,772,809 |
|---|---|
| Sales-tax revenue growth | $1,932,687 |
| Combined property and sales tax growth | $5,705,496 |
| Other revenue growth | $1,463,006 |
| Total revenue growth | $7,168,502 |
| Less: net spending growth, after utility reimbursements | $4,104,032 |
| Increase in annual surplus before transfers and financing | $3,064,470 |
Property-tax collections grew because of a combination of construction, taxable-value changes and rates. This bridge cannot separate those effects or attribute the increase to new development alone. It also does not prove how much each funding source reduced this particular home’s bill.
The reporting General Fund differs from the legal-budget General Fund shown in some other charts. Do not subtract figures across these bases. The reconciliation workbook explains the crosswalk and identifies the original audit schedules.
The reconciled-funding workbook and companion chart are not included. The explanation above remains available; the older cash and reconstruction workbooks are not substitutes for those missing artifacts.
How were the spending growth rates calculated?
We compared FY2018 with FY2025: seven years of audited General Fund spending, before utility reimbursements. These are observed category trends; program scope is not perfectly like-for-like.
| Spending category | FY2018 | FY2025 | Total increase | Annual growth | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personnel | $5,311,521 | $8,695,579 | 63.71% | 7.30% | |
| Other operations, adjusted | $3,971,032 | $7,223,476 | 81.90% | 8.92% |
Annual growth spreads the total increase evenly over seven years. Divide the ending amount by the starting amount, take the seventh root, then subtract 1. In symbols: (FY2025 ÷ FY2018)1/7 − 1. Total increase is (FY2025 ÷ FY2018 − 1) × 100%.
Percentages above are rounded to two decimals. The displayed annual rates are 7.30% and 8.92%; the projection keeps their full precision. This past growth includes staffing, services and contracts as well as prices; it is not a measure of inflation alone.
Was growth steady?
No. Both categories fell in FY2021, then rose each year from FY2022 through FY2025. The largest personnel increase was 13.84% in FY2023; adjusted operations rose most in FY2025, by 21.29%. That final year accounts for 39.0% of the full-period operating increase. Category and program changes affect the annual comparison. A longer history shows upward spending, not proof that a constant growth rate will persist.
What was adjusted in the historical comparison?
FY2018 other operating spending includes a separately shown $5,000 community contribution. FY2025 other operations were $7,233,474; removing $9,998 explicitly labeled Disaster gives $7,223,476. Original audit categories keep Tourism in operations at both endpoints. Capital, debt and transfers are excluded from these growth rates.
The FY2025 Restricted Revenues Fund’s $171,612 is excluded because its personnel, operating and capital split is unavailable. It is 1.08% of the selected FY2025 endpoint. Including any of it in personnel or operations would increase that category’s measured growth; no exact FY2018 program-scope restatement is available.
How are the rates used after 2029?
The Town’s FY2026–FY2029 plan stays unchanged. From FY2030, the personnel rate applies to the FY2029 personnel base of $11,947,489; the operating rate applies to $6,468,416, and the separate $2,283,016 Orange Rural Fire contribution grows 5%. Each amount compounds annually through FY2039.
Orange Rural Fire assumption. Orange Rural Fire contribution: preserve the Town plan through FY2029, then grow the $2,283,016 FY2029 contribution by 5% annually in FY2030–FY2039. This extends the Town’s FY2027–FY2029 planning pattern ($2,070,763; $2,174,301; $2,283,016), subject to future annual funding requests. It is a Town Ledger assumption, not an adopted post-FY2029 commitment. Orange County’s FY2027 recommended budget, page 178, describes future staffing and Station 1 relocation but specifies no numeric post-FY2029 escalator. No additional County staffing step or duplicate station capital is added. The other $143,100 of FY2029 Fire Operations ($35,000 utilities and $108,100 County fire inspections) retains the general operating growth treatment. Town contribution schedule · printed p.255 / PDF p.256; annual request basis · printed p.69 / PDF p.70; County qualitative planning context · p.178
The future operating base excludes $335,000 of roadwork and $450,000 of contingency, which stay flat. These forecast-base exclusions are separate from the historical $9,998 adjustment above. Capital, project contributions and separately identified IT amounts follow their stated continuation assumptions; debt follows its payment schedule.
See the projected funding schedule and full assumptions →
Sources and exact calculations
- FY2018 amounts: FY2018 audit, original Schedule 1, FY2018 actual column. PDF pages 93–96 / printed pages 73–76.
- FY2025 amounts: FY2025 audit, Schedule 1. PDF pages 97–100 / printed pages 74–77. Open the FY2025 audit →
- Future roadwork classification: FY2027 recommended budget, Streets detail. PDF page 262 / printed page 261. Open the recommended budget →
Download the exact endpoint calculations and source checks →
Utility prices use a different history. Their growth comes from FY2018–FY2027 tariffs, not these spending figures. See the utility-rate calculation →
Where do the utility-rate growth assumptions come from?
Historical rates, growth intervals and source checks.
FY2018 to FY2027 spans nine growth intervals. In-town water was $8.07 → $13.32 per 1,000 gallons; sewer $12.13 → $18.75. Outside-Town rates were $15.74 → $25.97 for water and $23.65 → $36.56 for sewer. The residential stormwater fee was $75 → $120 a year. Growth is (ending rate ÷ starting rate)^(1/9) − 1.
The historical minimum volume fell from 2,500 to 2,000 gallons. This model projects unit rates and current minimum charges separately; it does not assume further minimum-volume reductions. Historical bill growth at low usage can therefore differ from unit-rate growth.
FY2018 water/sewer source row, FY2020 audit PDF139 · Town statement that stormwater fees were unchanged since FY2017 · FY2023 adopted $75 residential fee
What does the period total mean?
The additional-tax total across FY2026–FY2039.
Estimated extra property tax over 2026–2039 if taxes cover the projected budget shortfalls. Total over the period, not an annual bill. Excludes utility bills and other tax increases.
This adds the separate annual General Fund gap equivalents across FY2026–FY2039, before using reserves. It includes FY2026, which has already ended. It is not the next fourteen years, an annual bill, a cumulative tax-rate increase or a sum of all household bills.
The sum of those annual General Fund gaps is in the historical-trend illustration. Each year’s extra tax is that year’s gap multiplied by your baseline bill’s share of FY2026 estimated property-tax receipts. That share stays fixed.
These are nominal amounts, not present values, actual bill history or money owed now.
Baseline-tax growth, utility bills and unresolved project/funding needs are not included in this additional-tax subtotal. This illustration assumes no additional use of Town savings to cover future gaps. Cost-growth example: .
Sources and calculations
The records behind the numbers
Town records and dated Cryer calculations. Keep actuals, estimates, recommended budgets and conditional illustrations distinct.
Additional full public audits
FY2019 audit — General Fund budget/actual, PDF 46 / printed 26 · governmental-funds statement, PDF 44 / printed 24 · Public provenance and other anchors
FY2020 audit — General Fund budget/actual, PDF 43 / printed 26 · governmental-funds statement, PDF 41 / printed 24 · Public provenance and other anchors
Included source files open or download from this website. Sources not included are identified by title and page in the source notes.
FY27 Budget and Financial Plan Recommended.pdf
_Hillsborough 2025 Audit - Stamped.pdf
Affordable Housing (FY18-FY29).pdf
Debt Service Projections.xlsx
Cryer-Utility-History-Data.json
FY20 Cost Allocations.pdf
Cryer-CIP-FY27.pdf
Cryer-FY2018-Capital-Source.png
Cryer-FY2019-Capital-Source.png
Cryer-Tax-Rate-FY2018-Source.png
Cryer-Tax-Rate-History-Source.png
Cryer-Tax-Rate-Revaluation-FY2022-Source.png
Cryer-Utility-History-Source-Pages.pdf
Audited revenue history and source checks · 1 October 2026
Verified financial histories
Current projection, capital history and annual schedules through FY2039 · 6 October 2026
Capital history and plan comparisons
Supporting financial overview
Verified public history tables
Preserved background for checking earlier analyses. Current household results and assumptions are in Reference.
Town background
Hillsborough · now and ahead
Why could the cost to households change?
The General Fund pays for police, fire protection, streets and other Town services. Property taxes are its largest source of revenue.
In the Town’s recommended plan, spending and money set aside for future needs exceed incoming funding by about $2.5 million in 2029. Savings cover the difference.
What happens if this pattern continues?
Project funding follows its dates: North Greenway and Rainey contributions end in FY2029; later years follow scheduled debt and different CIP projects. Purchases, replacement set-asides and named-project funding are shown separately in the annual detail.
We extended the outlook to 2039 using verified historical spending growth and the Town’s listed debt payments.
General Fund · Town recommended plan through 2029 · Town Ledger what-if example, 2030–2039. Annual amounts in $ millions.
Spending and money set asideIncoming funding before savings
2039 compared with 2029 · what-if example
The first two figures show spending growth from 2029 to 2039. The third is the full annual General Fund gap in 2039. It is not a household bill or an amount to add again to the household scenario.
In this what-if example, the annual gap reaches about $5.9 million in 2039. Closing it would require more revenue, spending changes or available savings.
Example shown: . Later years are what-if calculations, not a Town forecast.
What we assumed
This historical-trend illustration uses 7.30% personnel and 8.92% other eligible operating growth calibrated to FY2018–FY2025 actual categories, plus a separate 5% Orange Rural Fire assumption after FY2029. Identified utility shares move with the same eligible costs. Property-tax revenue grow 2%; sales tax remains $3.408 million.
Other 2029 amounts continue unless specifically adjusted, including $610,500 of incoming transfers and $400,000 of interest. Later project costs and funding have not all been matched, and no complete project plan beyond 2033 has been established. The interest assumption is not a forecast of investable cash.
Why does the gap grow?
The Town plan holds sales tax at $3.408 million a year from 2026 through 2029. Our example keeps it flat after that, while staffing and other costs grow.
Shared costs still reach household bills. When eligible administration costs grow, the utility share grows at the same allocation percentage. Residents who pay property taxes and water, sewer or stormwater bills still bear the cost, whichever bill funds it.
How we calculated it
For each year, we compared incoming funding with the cost of services, debt payments and money set aside for future needs. The difference is that year’s funding gap. We used the Town’s recommended plan through 2029, then extended selected costs and the listed debt-payment schedule to 2039.
These spending rates use the seven annual intervals from FY2018 to FY2025. The rates include staffing, service and classification changes; they are not pure inflation. The exact source bridge, excluded Disaster amount, separately held roadwork/contingency and finite-cost limitations are in Reference.
$2.53m
Savings needed that year$26.01m spending and money set aside
$23.47m incoming funding
spending and money set aside
incoming funding
spending and money set aside
incoming funding
The later gap is a what-if calculation, not a prediction of insolvency or a statement of available cash. Changes in tax policy, services, project timing, grants, borrowing or reserves can change the result.
See the annual figures, balance calculation and exact assumptions → · Read the Town’s recommended plan →
The projects behind the numbers
Big projects create peaks, then years of payments.
The received General Fund CIP schedules $10.333m in FY2028 and $9.239m in FY2032, partly financed by proposed borrowing. Listed annual debt payments peak at $3.522m in FY2033, then decline to $2.702m in FY2039. The paths are uneven; every cost does not rise every year.
- Passenger rail station: $11.714m planned capital: $10.439m current project budget plus $1.275m FY2028 construction. Solar/EV options of $600,000 are explicitly excluded by the CIP. Current-budget timing and remaining commitments are not established.
- North Churton fire station: $9.025m scheduled in FY2027–FY2033, including $75,000 of later utilities; the separate current project budget is $1.05m.
- Ridgewalk: $6.167m in the north schedule and $6.8m in the south schedule, with construction peaks in FY2029 and FY2032.
What might lie beyond the received FY2033 plan?
The held selected-fleet illustration includes a garbage truck in FY2034 at $516,547 and a leaf truck in FY2039 at $534,995, using 3% vehicle-price growth and excluding tags and tax. These are illustrative order years, not confirmed payment dates. They are selected examples, not all future capital, and are not added again to the benchmark’s recurring capital/reserve lines.
These project schedules are context, not extra amounts to add to the General Fund chart. Borrowing explains funding; debt payments explain later annual obligations. The received CIP ends in FY2033. Selected later vehicle illustrations are not a complete post-2033 capital plan.
Explore the projects and what is actually committed → · Read the CIP →
What actually happened · FY2025 audited General Fund
A year of Town services, in three figures
- Own revenue
- $17.05m $17,047,188
- Gross service expenditure
- $17.25m $17,248,390 before utility reimbursements
- Closing budgetary fund balance
- $17.39m $17,390,989; not all freely spendable cash
These are audited FY2025 measures. The chart above uses the saved plan’s broader spending-and-set-asides measure; this audit snapshot is not spliced into that growth series. FY2025 utility reimbursements were $3,139,025, reaching net expenditure of $14,109,365.
Why the audit and saved plan can differ
The saved General Fund view reports $17,123,967 in gross spending; the audited schedule reports $17,248,390, a $124,423 difference matched by higher audited utility reimbursements. Both reach the same $14,109,365 net expenditure. The original analytical edition and the explicit $2 source differences remain intact.
Read the verified figures and bridges → · Open FY2025 audit →
Choose a question and go deeper
01 · Revenue
Where does the money come from?
Taxes, utility bills, fees and other receipts.
Explore revenue → 02 · SpendingWhat does it pay for?
Town services, people and day-to-day operations.
Explore spending → 03 · CapitalWhat are we building?
Buildings, vehicles and infrastructure in the FY2027–2033 plan.
Explore capital & projects → 04 · DebtWhat commitments remain?
Borrowing and the payments that follow. Town-wide coverage is still incomplete.
Explore debt → 05 · SavingsWhat is set aside?
Fund balances, reserves and money carried into future years.
Explore reserves → 06 · Your householdWhat do I pay?
Estimate your Town tax and utility bills using FY2027 adopted rates.
Estimate my bill →How the funds connect
Where does the money come from?
Main revenue sourcesServices & operations
Staff and day-to-day services.
Capital
Buildings, vehicles, equipment and infrastructure.
Projects
Named work: purpose, status, cost and funding.
Can include assets or service initiatives.
What are we buying, building or undertaking?
Reserves
Money set aside now and available for later use.
Debt
Money borrowed now, with principal and interest paid over time.
Debt and reserves
How are we paying for it, and what commitments remain?
- Revenue → services, capital, reserve contributions and debt payments.
- Reserves → later purchases. Borrowing → capital funding.
- Project records connect named work to its fund, assets and financing.
Funding pathRelated project record
Each fund has its own funding and commitments. Capital, project and financing views can describe the same dollars; their totals cannot simply be added together. Shared costs and transfers connect the funds in the detailed schedules.
Source scope
The calculator uses adopted FY2027 tariffs. Forward spending uses the saved FY2027 recommended plan: FY2026 estimate, FY2027 recommended and FY2028–FY2029 projections. Later figures are conditional Town Ledger illustrations.
Source-edition differences, incomplete historical classifications and future commitments remain labeled in the financial views.